Living Environment Translated Arabic 2014 | Page 20

B. Cell structure and function
1. Vocabulary:
a. Cell- the smallest part of a living organism.
b. Cell Theory:
1. Cells come only from other living cells.
2. Cells are a unit of structure in all living things.
3. Cells are a unit of structure in all living things.
c. Prokaryotic cells- cells without membrane-bound
structures- No nucleus
d. Eukaryotic cells- cells with membrane-bound structures ;
have a nucleus and organelles
e. Organelles- structures in eukaryotic cells that can act as
storage sites, process energy, move materials or
manufacture substances
f. Nucleus- directs all cell activities and is separated from the
cytoplasm by a membrane
g. Cytoplasm- a gel-like substance that gives the cell its shape
and contains the organelles
h. Cell membrane- surrounds the cytoplasm; place where
materials are exchanged with the environment; controls
what enters and leaves the cell
i. Mitochondria- an organelle that is often referred to as the “
powerhouse” of the cell because it is the site of all cellular
respiration ( energy production)
j. Ribosome- an organelle that controls the production of
proteins
k. Golgi Bodies ( apparatus)- an organelle responsible for
packaging proteins and transporting them to the area of
need