Guided Reading |
• Provides the framework for the teacher to guide students through the reading process . |
from
The Flight of Red Bird :
The Life of Zitkala-S¨ a
A Memoir re-created from the writings of Zitkala-S¨a and the research of Doreen Rappaport
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Independent Reading
• Completes the release of responsibility to the students , who can apply the skills and strategies required to read increasingly more difficult selections on their own .
• Independent Readings appear more frequently as students advance through the program .
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• Close Reading Models walk students through the selections and demonstrate how to analyze literature and apply reading skills and strategies to each genre . |
from
Woodsong A Memoir by Gary Paulsen
Whether I lived or died depended on him .
Gary Paulsen was born in 1939 in Minnesota . Paulsen learned to be self-sufficient at an early age , working as a trapper , farmer , soldier , truck driver , sailor , construction worker , field engineer , and magazine editor . When he decided to devote himself to writing , he
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F
INDEPENDENT READING
ear comes in many forms but perhaps the worst scare is the one that isn ’ t anticipated ; the one that isn ’ t really known about until it ’ s here . A sudden fear . The unexpected . And again , fire played a role in it . We have bear trouble . Because we feed processed meat to the dogs there is always the smell of meat over the kennel . In the summer it can be a bit high 1 because the dogs like to “ save ” their food sometimes for a day or two or four — burying it to dig up later . We live on the edge of wilderness and consequently the meat smell brings any number of visitors from the woods .
Skunks abound , and foxes and coyotes and wolves and weasels — all predators . 2 We once had an eagle live over the kennel for more than a week , scavenging 3 from the dogs , and a crazy group of ravens has pretty much taken over the puppy pen . Ravens are protected by the state and they seem to know it . When I walk toward the puppy pen with the buckets of meat it ’ s a toss-up to see who gets it — the pups or the birds . They have actually pecked the puppies away from the food pans until they have gone through and taken what they want .
Spring , when the bears come , is the worst . They have been in hibernation 4
1 . a bit high . Fairly strong 2 . predators . Animals that live by preying on others 3 . scavenging . Searching for usable material 4 . hibernation . State of mental or physical inactivity
moved to the remote woods of northern Minnesota and lived off the land , supporting himself by hunting and trapping . Paulsen draws on his own experiences to create novels and personal nonfiction that is noted for vivid descriptions of setting , themes of conflict with nature , and the struggle for survival .
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BEFORE READING
Build Background Cultural Context Until the mid-nineteenth century , the Yankton Sioux hunted buffalo herds across the Great Plains . After the U . S . government forced the Yankton Sioux onto a reservation , they stopped hunting buffalo , but some traditions remained . Zitkala-S¨a ’ s mother showed her how to find wild turnips , cherries , and plums that grew on the prairie , and how to preserve meat and fruit . Zitkala-S¨a also learned to create beadwork for moccasins , belts , and dresses .
Reader ’ s Context Have you ever imagined what a new place would be like , only to discover it was not what you expected ?
Set Purpose Preview the History Connection ( page 317 ) and predict what Zitkala-S¨a ’ s experiences are likely to be at boarding school .
Analyze Literature Point of View The vantage point from which a story is told is the point of view . In first-person point of view , the narrator uses pronouns such as I and we and is a part of or witness to the action . As you read this memoir , think about how using the first-person point of view helps the reader to understand the experiences presented .
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Meet the Author
Zitkala-S¨a ( 1876 – 1938 ), whose name means “ Red Bird ,” was born on the Yankton Sioux reservation . In 1884 , she attended a boarding school for Native Americans , where she was forced to give up her language , traditional clothing , and customs . She later decided to devote her life to writing and speaking about the unfair treatment of Native Americans in white society .
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Directed Reading
Use Reading Skills Draw Conclusions When you draw conclusions , you gather information from a text to decide what it means . As you read , look for key ideas and supporting points . What conclusions can you draw from this information ? Use a chart to track your conclusions .
Key Idea Zitkala-S¨ a and friends admire each other ’ s necklaces , moccasins , and belts .
Supporting Zitkala-S¨ a imagines her Points friends to be envious of her moccasins .
Overall These items are valued Conclusion in Zitkala-S¨ a ’ s culture .
Preview Vocabulary en • vi • ous ( en > v7 @ s ) adj ., feeling unhappiness or resentment caused by wanting something that someone else has
com • plex ( k5m > pleks <) adj ., having many parts that are connected or related in a complicated way
suf • fi • cient • ly ( s @ fi > sh @ nt l7 ) adv ., adequately ; with enough to meet all needs
re • buke ( ri by2k >) n ., severe criticism
sat • ed ( s6 > tid ) adj ., feeling full or satisfied
dis • course ( dis > k0rs <) n ., long talk on a subject
yield ( y7ld ) v ., give way to something or someone
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THE FLIGHT OF RED BIRD 311
• Begins the gradual release of responsibility from teacher to students .
• Students continue to be supported with before-and after-reading activities , but the during-reading margin prompts are omitted .
• Students begin to apply the duringreading comprehension skills on their own .
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DIRECTED READING |
SCAFFOLDED LEARNING |
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