Lion's Pride Volume 13 (Spring 2020) Volume 13 (Spring 2020) | Page 35

SIS’s are cost effective approaches. Four SIS’s will save New York City $2.9-$5.7 million annually by applying overdose prevention only (Behrends et. al, 2019). One 13-booth SIS will contribute $3.5 million net savings for public resources in San Francisco yearly (Irwin, Jozaghi, Bluthenthal, & Kral, 2017). In Seattle, one SIS implementation can save approximately $4 million per year in overdose intervention and other drug-related harm management (Hood et al., 2019). By preventing transmission of infectious disease, SIS’s save a lot of money and healthcare resources, which may be used for disease treatment. By preventing overdose among PWID, SIS’s significantly reduce the frequency of ambulance calls and hospitalization among PWID, thus relieving the public health resources. Last but not least, SIS’s are a door that connects PWID with harm reduction care. Due to the particularity of PWID group— illicit drug using, some of them are in a low socioeconomic class or experiencing homelessness or unstable housing— people in this group are marginalized and experience discrimination. Therefore, they may hesitate or even be unable to seek medical care or other social support. In SIS’s, PWID have a secure and clean place to go, and the professional health staff are always there and willing to help. “You’ve built up a rapport of making them safer; they feel able to talk to you,” said Kathleen Woodruff, DNP, assistant professor at USC School of Social Work Department of Nursing (Nursing@USC Staff, 2019). As a