Landscape & Urban Design Issue 33 2018 | Page 94

TURF MASTER Soil Compaction Soil Compaction is a common problem within turf management across the U.K. With foot traffic, and weather conditions being two major factors causing soil compaction, which reduces pore space and increases soil density. Soil compaction varies with soil texture, moisture content, area use and amount of traffic on each specific site. Soils with a high clay content will compact far quicker due to clay being the smallest type of soil particles, with 1,000 times the surface area in a given volume of soil, compared with larger sandy soil particles. This results in the clay particles packing together tightly under pressure of play/foot traffic. This summer’s prolonged heat and sunshine has converted compacted clay soils into ‘concrete’, totally preventing penetration of roots and moisture either from rainwater or irrigation which reduces the all-important air, water and nutrient movement, pitch/green health and quality declines. In these conditions, newly sown grass plants will burn off rapidly, leaving bare cracked areas ready for weeds to invade, which is not a nice look for any turf surface. Within the soil profile roots will struggle to penetrate through the compacted layer. All soil types will suffer from compaction to a certain degree so it is important to carry out the correct maintenance techniques to avoid the problems occurring on your pitch/ green/lawn. 94 Landscape & Urban Design Issue 34 2018