INFECTIOUS DISEASES
to determine if the patient is on ARVs for
prophylaxis or treatment.
References
Federal agencies are making substantial
new investments to support the
“Ending the HIV Epidemic” initiative.
As a result, state and local health
department programs, in collaboration
with community-based organizations,
community health centers and others
are rapidly expanding and promoting HIV
PrEP services. Laboratories may consider
partnering with health departments and
community providers of HIV PrEP services
to educate providers and consumers
about laboratory testing for PrEP, and
the impact that PrEP may have on
interpretation of HIV laboratory tests. n
1. Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men.
N Engl J Med 2010;363:2587–99.
2. Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl
J Med 2012;367:399–410.
3. Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in
Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet
2013;381:2083–90.
4. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: US Public Health Service: Preexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of
HIV infection in the United States—2017 Update: A clinical practice guidelines. March 2018. Available at: https://www.
cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/risk/prep/cdc-hiv-prep-guidelines-2017.pdf
5. US Preventive Services Task Force. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services
Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA 2019;321:2203–2213.
6. de Souza MS, Pinyakorn S, Akapirat S, et al. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy during acute HIV-1 infection leads to a high
rate of nonreactive HIV serology. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63:555-561.
7. Sheila M. Keating, Christopher D. Pilcher, Michael P. Busch. Timing Is Everything: Shortcomings of Current HIV Diagnostics
in the Early Treatment Era. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63: 562–564.
8. Sidebottom D, Ekström AM, Strömdahl S. A systematic review of adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV - how
can we improve uptake and adherence? BMC Infect Dis. 2018;18:581.
9. Dimitrov DT, Mâsse BR, Donnell D. PrEP Adherence Patterns Strongly Affect Individual HIV Risk and Observed Efficacy in
Randomized Clinical Trials. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72:444–451.
10. Donnell D, Ramos E, Celum C, et al. The effect of oral preexposure prophylaxis on the progression of HIV-1
seroconversion. AIDS. 2017;31:2007–2016.
11. Association of Public Health Laboratories. Suggested Reporting Language for the HIV Laboratory Diagnostic Testing
Algorithm. 2019. Available from: https://www.aphl.org/aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/ID-2019Jan-HIV-Lab-Test-
Suggested-Reporting-Language.pdf
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