JUDAISM JUDAISM_essay | Page 17

ot do to your neighbor; ; or do not reveal his be as dear to thee as thine entury Rabbi Akiva). to Moses; David saiah again into two uk to one: imlai). About sin: Pesha: an intentional sin Avon: a sin of lust, done knowingly but not to defy God Chet: an unintentional Sin On Business: In the Torah and the Mishnah, the concerning of one’s money is widely addressed, giving it great importance. The Talmud defines fraud as any mode of taking advantage of a man’s ignorance, and gains obtained by gambling or rising prices with no justification. Also, usury is defined on the Talmud as advantaged derived from loans or vict- uals. Both of these breaches in commerce are a sin, which provoke God’s punishment. Rabbi Yisrael Lipkin Salanter (XIX cen- tury) was the responsible of founding the musar movements on Eastern Europe, and for teaching ethics on business and work such as proper treat- ment to employees, their paying and his ways. On Charity According to Maimonides (written in the Mish- neh Torah) a charity that allows to break the cycle of poverty is the greatest charity or “tzedakah” a hebrew can achieve, which can be made through giving interest-free loans, finding a job for some- one in need, grant partnership, etc. Traditional Jews practice a tithing of 10% of their income (called ma’aser kesafim) but advice also to never give away much, most, nor all the possessions. On Family Orthodox Jews view the father as the head of the family, whereas more liberal or contemporary Jews view both of their parents as equal. In marriage (kiddushin), monogamy is imperative, just as the fact of marrying on a lifetime. “He who lives without a wife lives without joy and blessing, without protection and peace” (Yeb. 62a, 63b). Sexual intercourse, outside of marriage is prohibited, just as it is during men- struation. Menstruation is seen as something to be cleansed of, through a mikveh (like a pool). Orthodox Jews view incestual relationships just as male homosexuality, explicitly prohibited in the Torah.