In ancient China, painting fingernails began circa 3000 BCE as a
way to establish social class.
Royals wore gold or silver while the lower classes were
forbidden to wear bright nail colours.
Plum blossom makeup (pictured above), which originated from
a folklore tale about a princess whose beauty was enhanced
when a petal fell on her face, was also popular throughout the
Tang and Song dynasties (618-1279AD)
Japan
Geishas are still famous for their striking makeup. They
originally used lipstick made from crushed safflower petals to
paint their eyebrows and lips and rice powder to colour the
face.
For official ceremonies, a black paint called ohaguro was (and
still is) used to colour the teeth.
Europe
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great. Image via Ancient EU