Planning for Social Environments : Social Capital in the Context of Critical Realism and the Dynamics of Complex Systems
Appendix 1 Social Capital Definitions
There are earlier core lists of definitions that are useful ( Adler & Kwon , 2002 ) but given ongoing development , incomplete . Below is a list of more than three-dozen definitions provided to give context for each definition , which has been developed for use in the current paper . It should be understood as representative rather than exhaustive . With the number of academic papers on social capital increasing beyond 14,000 ( 2018 ) it is clear that more variations exist .
ID Definition Source
1 the density and quality of human relational networks both formal and informal
2 a resource that actors derive from specific social structures and then use to pursue their interests ; it is created by changes in the relationship among actors
3 an individual ’ s personal network and elite institutional affiliations
4 the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance or recognition
5 made up of certain obligations (‘ connections ’) which are convertible , under certain conditions , into economic capital and may be institutionalized in the form of a title of nobility
6 the sum of resources , actual or virtual , that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition
7 the number of people who can be expected to provide support and the resources those people have at their disposal
8 the web of cooperative relationships between citizens that facilitate resolution of collective action problems
9 friends , colleagues , and more general contacts through whom you receive opportunities to use your financial and human capital
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Current paper definition
( Baker , 1990 , p . 619 )
( Belliveau , O ’ Reilly , & Wade , 1996 , p . 1572 )
( Bourdieu , 2008 , p . 248 ) - 1986
( Bourdieu , 2008 , p . 243 ) - 1986
( Bourdieu & Wacquant , 1992 , p . 119 )
( Boxman , De Graaf , & Flap , 1991 , p . 52 )
( Brehm & Rahn , 1997 , p . 999 )
( Burt , 1997 , p . 9 )