Multi-Group Conflict Paths : Anticipatory Scenarios of Attitudes and Outcomes
明该模型能被用于建构时间情境里的冲突路径场景 , 我们还 检验了背景变化如何能影响这些路径及群体内的态度 。 这些 场景能影响一系列可能被群体用于相互竞争的策略 。
关键词 : 社会网络 ; 冲突之社会物理学 ; 团队凝聚力 ; 团队内部 互动与团体之间互动 ; 群体决策 , 集体行为
1 . Multi-Group Social Conflicts
Social conflicts are waged among
groups with shared histories , identities , values , interests , and attitudes regarding specific social issues ( Felson & Tedeschi , 1993 ; Oberschal , 1978 ). The groups are not necessarily internally homogeneous , however , regarding how conflicts should be addressed . As if in response to Fink ’ s ( 1968 ) early call for interdisciplinarity in conflict research , scholars from several fields have studied social conflict dynamics , consequences to individuals and societies , and approaches to conflict management ( Coser , 1967 , 1998 ; Dahrendorf , 1958 ; Rubin , Pruitt , & Kim , 1994 ).
Some conflicts among specific groups flare up and then abate . For example , the “ Yellow Vests ” protest movement in France , begun in October 2018 , shows signs of waning several months later . In contrast , other conflicts last over longer periods — years , decades and even centuries . In some instances , conflicts that seem to have been resolved resurface ( Goodman , 2019 ). The Northern Ireland conflict between Unionist and Republican groups has been held as an example of successful negotiation . The “ Good Friday ” agreement of April 1998 appeared to put an end to a long period ( at least 30 years ) of violent strife . However , in 2018 , there were signs of this conflict erupting again , perhaps triggered by border disputes related to Brexit ( Watson , 2018 ).
The Northern Ireland conflict illustrates key intractability characteristics ( Coleman , 2003 ): it spanned decades during which the two groups interacted at times violently and stemmed from a mix of irreconcilable value or moral differences , high-stakes distributional issues , and / or domination issues ( Burgess & Burgess , 2003 ). There are numerous other examples of such deep-seated , long-lasting conflicts , including between North and South Korea , China and Tibet , Greeks and Turks in Cyprus , Bosniaks , Serbs , and Croats in Bosnia , Hindus and Muslims in Kashmir , Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda , and Flemish and Walloons in Belgium . Pruitt and Olczak ( 1995 ) called these conflicts “ seemingly intractable ” in recognition of the fact that historically even the longest lasting conflicts eventually end , although often those who started the strife did not live long
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