Year |
Author |
Main Concepts |
INFORMATION THEORY AND MEASURES OF COMPLEXITY | ||
1948 |
Weaver |
Organized complexity |
1948 |
Shannon |
Information theory , entropy |
1965 |
Kolmogorov |
Algorithmic information content |
2004 |
Gell-Mann , Lloyd |
Effective complexity |
CELLULAR AUTOMATA , ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE , AND | ||
COMPUTATION | ||
1950 |
Turing |
Universality |
1952 |
Turing |
Pattern formation , morphogenesis |
1961 |
Minksy |
AI : Solving complex problems , need of models |
1966 |
Von Neumann |
Self-reproducing automata |
1982 |
Hopfield |
Memory as emergence |
1984 |
Wolfram |
Classes |
1986 |
Langton |
Life and reproduction in computers |
EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION | ||
1942 |
Waddington |
Adaptation , canalization |
1966 |
Raup |
Use of computational simulation in evolutionary studies |
1969 |
Kauffman |
Origins of molecular reproduction ( Selforganization ) |
1974 |
Maynard Smith |
Game theory in evolution |
1977 |
Holland and Reitman |
Genetic Algorithms |
1977 |
Gould |
Punctuational change |
NONLINEARITY , INTERACTIONS , HIERARCHIES , AND DYNAMICS | ||
1972 |
Anderson |
Whole is more than the sum of the parts |
1973 |
Simon |
Hierarchies , nearly decomposability ( interactions ), loose coupling |
1974 |
Maturana and Varela |
Autopoiesis |
1976 |
May |
Logistic map , deterministic chaos |
1988 |
Brian Arthur |
Path-dependence , complexity in economics , and finance |
ON THE NEED OF MODELS | ||
1945 |
Rosenblueth , |
|
Wiener |
Hierarchies , closed and open box models |
|
1970 |
Conant , Ashby |
Regulation , models |
1998 |
Cilliers |
Modeling for organizations |