C. Bhatia and B. Kayser
20. Beaver WL, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. A new method for
detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J Appl
Physiol (1985) 1986; 60: 2020–2027.
21. ATS. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk
test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 166: 111–117.
22. Jacobs RA, Fluck D, Bonne TC, Burgi S, Christensen PM,
Toigo M, et al. Improvements in exercise performance with
high-intensity interval training coincide with an increase
in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and function. J
Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115: 785–793.
23. Milanovic Z, Sporis G, Weston M. Effectiveness of high-
intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous endurance
training for VO2max improvements: a systematic review
and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports Med 2015;
45: 1469–1481.
24. Snowden CP, Prentis J, Jacques B, Anderson H, Manas D,
Jones D, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness predicts mortality
and hospital length of stay after major elective surgery in
older people. Ann Surg 2013; 257: 999–1004.
25. Jack S, West M, Grocott MP. Perioperative exercise training
in elderly subjects. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2011;
25: 461–472.
26. West MA, Loughney L, Lythgoe D, Barben CP, Sripadam
R, Kemp GJ, et al. Effect of prehabilitation on objectively
measured physical fitness after neoadjuvant treatment
in preoperative rectal cancer patients: a blinded inter-
ventional pilot study. Br J Anaesth 2015; 114: 244–251.
27. Bohm M, Reil JC, Deedwania P, Kim JB, Borer JS. Resting
heart rate: risk indicator and emerging risk factor in
cardiovascular disease. Am J Med 2015; 128: 219–228.
28. Warburton DE, McKenzie DC, Haykowsky MJ, Taylor A,
Shoemaker P, Ignaszewski AP, et al. Effectiveness of
high-intensity interval training for the rehabilitation of
patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 2005;
95: 1080–1084.
29. Molmen-Hansen HE, Stolen T, Tjonna AE, Aamot IL, Eke-
berg IS, Tyldum GA, et al. Aerobic interval training reduces
blood pressure and improves myocardial function in hyper-
tensive patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 19: 151–160.
30. Munk PS, Staal EM, Butt N, Isaksen K, Larsen AI. High-
intensity interval training may reduce in-stent restenosis
718
www.medicaljournals.se/jrm
following percutaneous coronary intervention with stent
implantation: a randomized controlled trial evaluating the
relationship to endothelial function and inflammation. Am
Heart J 2009; 158: 734–741.
31. Yamamoto K, Miyachi M, Saitoh T, Yoshioka A, Onodera S.
Effects of endurance training on resting and post-exercise
cardiac autonomic control. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;
33: 1496–1502.
32. Prado DM, Silva AG, Trombetta IC, Ribeiro MM, Guazzelli
IC, Matos LN, et al. Exercise training associated with diet
improves heart rate recovery and cardiac autonomic ner-
vous system activity in obese children. Int J Sports Med
2010; 31: 860–865.
33. Watson A, Brickson S, Prawda E, Sanfilippo J. Short-term
heart rate recovery is related to aerobic fitness in elite
intermittent sport athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2016;
31: 1055–1061.
34. Hull SS, Jr., Vanoli E, Adamson PB, De Ferrari GM, Fore-
man RD, Schwartz PJ. Do increases in markers of vagal
activity imply protection from sudden death? The case of
scopolamine. Circulation 1995; 91: 2516–2519.
35. Snoek JA, van Berkel S, van Meeteren N, Backx FJ, Daa-
nen HA. Effect of aerobic training on heart rate recovery
in patients with established heart disease; a systematic
review. PLoS One 2013; 8: e83907.
36. Shetler K, Marcus R, Froelicher VF, Vora S, Kalisetti D,
Prakash M, et al. Heart rate recovery: validation and met-
hodologic issues. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38: 1980–1987.
37. Singh F, Newton RU, Galvao DA, Spry N, Baker MK. A sys-
tematic review of pre-surgical exercise intervention studies
with cancer patients. Surg Oncol 2013; 22: 92–104.
38. Schmitz KH, Courneya KS, Matthews C, Demark-Wah-
nefried W, Galvao DA, Pinto BM, et al. American College of
Sports Medicine roundtable on exercise guidelines for can-
cer survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42: 1409–1426.
39. Irlbeck T, Zwissler B, Bauer A. ASA Klassifikation: Wandel
im Laute der Zeit und Darstellung in der Literatur. Anaes-
thesist 2017; 66: 5–10.
40. Thum JS, Parsons G, Whittle T, Astorino TA. High-intensity
interval training elicits higher enjoyment than moderate in-
tensity continuous exercise. PLoS One 2017; 12: e0166299.