20. Kaess BM, Rong J, Larson MG, Hamburg NM, Vita JA, Levy
D, et al. Aortic stiffness, blood pressure progression, and
incident hypertension. JAMA 2012; 308: 875–881.
21. Mitchell GF, Parise H, Benjamin EJ, Larson MG, Keyes MJ,
Vita JA, et al. Changes in arterial stiffness and wave re-
flection with advancing age in healthy men and women:
the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension 2004; 43:
1239–1245.
22. Nagai Y, Metter EJ, Earley CJ, Kemper MK, Becker LC,
Lakatta EG, et al. Increased carotid artery intimal-medial
thickness in asymptomatic older subjects with exercise-
induced myocardial ischemia. Circulation 1998; 98:
1504–1509.
23. Naghavi M, Falk E, Hecht HS, Jamieson MJ, Kaul S, Berman
D, et al. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient –
part III: executive summary of the Screening for Heart
Attack Prevention and Education (SHAPE) Task Force
report. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98: 2–15.
24. Lind L. Flow-mediated vasodilation over five years in the
general elderly population and its relation to cardiovascular
risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237: 666–670.
25. Hashimoto M, Akishita M, Eto M, Ishikawa M, Kozaki
K, Toba K, et al. Modulation of endothelium-dependent
flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery by sex and
menstrual cycle. Circulation 1995; 92: 3431–3435.
531
26. Shenouda N, Priest SE, Rizzuto VI, MacDonald MJ. Brachial
artery endothelial function is stable across a menstrual and
oral contraceptive pill cycle, but lower in premenopausal
women than age-matched men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ
Physiol 2018; 315: H366–H374.
27. Bruzzi P, Predieri B, Patianna VD, Salvini A, Rossi R, Modena
MG, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of endothelial function in
children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a
long-term follow-up study. Pediatr Int 2014; 56: 188–195.
28. Peterson MD, Ryan JM, Hurvitz EA, Mahmoudi E. Chronic
conditions in adults with cerebral palsy. JAMA 2015; 314:
2303–2305.
29. Ryan JM, Crowley VE, Hensey O, McGahey A, Gormley J.
Waist circumference provides an indication of numerous
cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014; 95: 1540–1546.
30. Stern R, Tattersall MC, Gepner AD, Korcarz CE, Kaufman
J, Colangelo LA, et al. Sex differences in predictors of
longitudinal changes in carotid artery stiffness: the Multi-
Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc
Biol 2015; 35: 478–484.
31. Heyn PC, Tagawa A, Pan Z, Thomas S, Carollo JJ. Preva-
lence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease
risk factors in adults with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child
Neurol 2019; 61: 477–483.
Cardiovascular disease in cerebral palsy
J Rehabil Med 51, 2019