Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 51-6 | Page 15

Effects of tai chi on type 2 diabetes
Table II. Basic characteristics of included studies
Intervention
Reference, region
Zhu et al. 2017 (32),
China
Zhao et al. 2017 (33),
China
Wang et al. (a)(b),
2017 (34), China
Population,
Age and disease duration
sample size (T:C) (years) Baseline FPG
(mmol/l)
T2DM T: 64.5 (4.3), NA T: 8.76 (3.15)
40 (20:20)
T2DM C: 65.2 (3.6), NA
T: 54.75 (6.09), NA C: 8.26 (2.56)
T: 6.79 (0.74)
16 (8:8)
T2DM C: 52.38 (7.65), NA
NA, NA C: 6.98 (0.81)
Ta: 9.34 (1.35)
Ta:Ca = 10:5 Tb: 9.29 (1.03)
Tb:Cb = 10:5 C: 9.84 (1.08)
Zhang et al., (a)(b)(c), T2DM
2016 (35), China
Ta:Ca = 10:4
Tb:Cb = 10:3
Li et al., 2016 (36),
China
Ta: 7.85 (0.93)
Tb: 59, NA Tb: 7.86 (0.94)
Tc: 60, NA Tc: 7.82 (0.9)
C: 7.84 ± 0.92
Bao et al., 2016 (37),
China
T2DM T: 52.69 (5.57), 8.23 (1.78) : 10.43 (2.4)
82 (41:41)
old patients with
T2DM C: 52.41 (6.27), 8.12 (1.59) C: 10.26 (2.54)
T: 70.4 (6.9), NA
T: 10.13 (0.67)
107 (58:49)
Li et al., 2015 (38),
China
Zhang et al., 2014
(39), China
C: 68.4 (7.1), NA
40 (20:20)
Tang et al., 2014 (40), T2DM
China
Ta:Ca = 14:5
40 (20:20)
Wang et al., 2009 (46), middle or old
China
patients with
T2DM
Zhang et al., 2008
(47), China
Lam et al., 2008 (48),
Australia
64 (34:30)
Women with
T2DM
20 (10:10)
T2DM
Ta:24 movements
(Yang simplified
version)
Tb:56 movements
(Chen style)
Ta:24 movements
(high gravity)
Index
1h/4/16w
1h/7/16w Usual care
No active
treatment 1,5
1h/5/12w Usual care 1,3,4,5,6
1
50min/5/12w Usual care 1,2,4,5
Usual
treatment 1
Tb:24 movements
(medium gravity)
Tc:24 movements
(low gravity)
24 movements (Chen 45min/7/4w
simplified version)
NA 2h/14/24w Usual care and 1,2,5,6
education
Chen style 40-50min/7/24w Usual exercise 1,2,3,5,6,8,9
24 movements
(simplified version) 1h/3/14w Usual exercise 1,2
NA Ta: 1 time/5/24w Usual care
1,2
Tb: 62.73 (7.17), NA Tb: 7.47 (0.92) Tb: 2 repeats/5/24w
Tc: 59.4 (6.68), NA Tc: 7.72 (0.89) C: 61.53 (6.23), NA
68.4 (3.2), 2~23 C: 7.27 (1.34)
T: 6.83 (2.17) Tc: three
repeats/5/24w
55 (4.12), 6.8 (1.3)
NA NA/NA/12w Usual
treatment 1,2,3,4,5,10
18 movements (Lin
Housheng style) 50min/3/12w Usual care 1, 2,6,8,9
C: 7.33 (0.91) T: 7.66 (2.51) NA 1h/2/12w Usual care 1, 2,7,10
Ta: 10.1 (2.2) Ta:24 movements 1h/6/24w Ca: Usual care 1
Tb: 10.4 (2.8) Tb: tai chi and
intravenous drip of
Puerarin
C: 7.13 (1.96)
T: 7.35 (0.84)
C: 7.97 (2.64)
Ca: 9.8 (1.5)
Cb: 9.9 (2.3)
T2DM
24 movements
Chen style Controls C: 8.29 (1.29)
Ta: 6.87 (1.72)
Tb:Tb = 12:12
Wu et al., 2010 (45),
China
T (time/per week/
duration)
C: 61.55 (4.84), NA
Ta: 61.4 (5.08), NA
Youngwanichsetha et
postpartum
T: 35 (5.63), 2.47 (1.24)
al., 2013 (42), Thailand women with T2DM C: 36.2 (4.48), 2.8 (1.18)
64 (32:32)
Ahn et al., 2012 (43), T2DM with
T: 66.1 (6.42), 12.3 (8.8)
South Korea
neuropathy
C: 62.73(7.53), 13(10.03)
39 (20:19)
Xiao et al. (a)(b), 2011 T2DM
(44), China
Ta:Ca = 12:12
Type of tai chi
C: 10.15 (1.35)
male patients with T: 62.91 (2.48), 7.83 (2.16) T: 7.03 (3.12)
T2DM
C: 63.27 (2.86), 8.14 (3.19) C: 7.02 (3.04)
100 (50:50)
T2DM
T: 62.5 (6.65), NA
T: 8.2 (1.37)
Tc:Cc = 13:4
Meng et al., 2014 (41), T2DM
China
200 (100:100)
Ta: 58.6, NA
Tc:Cc = 10:3
Tb:Cb = 15:5
T: 51.3 (7.9), 1.35 (0.62) T: 9.73 (1.72)
C: 52.4 (5.5), 1.36 (0.71)
T: 48.24 (10.06), 1~18 C: 9.69 (1.82)
NA
C: 47.86 (11.12), 1~17
57.4 (6.2), 4.4 (2.2)
T: 10.43 (3.13)
C: 9.7 (2.58)
Cb: Usual
care and
intravenous
drip of
Puerarin
No active
exercise
24 movements
(simplified version) ³1h/³3/24w
1,2,3,8,9,10
24 movements
(simplified version) 45~60min/5~7/24w Usual care 10
24 movements
(simplified version) 1h/5/14w Usual care 1,3,5
T: 63.2 (8.6), ≥0.5 NA Usual exercise 2,4,5,8,9,10
C: 63.2 (8.6), ≥0.5
T: 66 (8), 8.5 20-form (Yang and
Sun style) 1h/2/12w 53 (28:25)
Tsang and Orr et al.,
older adults with
2008, 2007, 2006 (49- T2DM
51), Australia
38 (18:20) T: 7.6 Sham exercise 1,2,4,6,7
C: 7.9 12 movements (Sun
and Yang style) 1h/2/16w C: 65 (8), 9 Jiang et al., 2007 (52), T2DM
China
18 (10:8)
Yu et al., 2004 (53),
T2DM and
China
hypertension T: 57.2 (4.2), 3.2 (0.8) T: 11.41 (2.92) 24 movements 30~45min/7~14/20w Usual care
1,2,3,5
C: 55.0 (6.2), 2.9 (0.7)
T: 50 (5.8), NA C: 11.63 (2.61)
T: 8.44 (1.36) NA 1h/7/12w Usual care
1,2,3,8,9
C: 49 (5.6), NA C: 8.36 (1.24) T: 51.8 (7.4), 2.9 (1.6) T: 12.1 (4.2) Usual care
1,2
C: 11.7 (4.51)
T: 9.94 (4.13) Da yuan jiang tang
style 15~30min/14/24w C: 53.1 (7.8), 3 (1.8)
52 (6.7), ≥3 24 movements
(simplified version) 1h/7/12w Usual exercise 1,3,5,6
60~70, ≥2 C: 9.83 (3.41)
T: 9.8 (1.9) 24 movements
(simplified version) 1h/7/12w Usual exercise 1,6
Yan et al., 2004 (54),
China
Kan et al., 2004 (55),
China
40 (25:15)
T2DM
18 (10:8)
T2DM
48 (26:22)
Wang et al., 2003 (56), T2DM
China
16 (10:6)
409
C: 9.6 (2.0)
T: treatment group; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; NA: not available.
1: fasting plasma glucose; 2: glycosylated haemoglobin; 3: fasting insulin; 4: insulin resistance; 5: total cholesterol; 6: body mass index; 7: balance; 8: systolic blood
pressure; 9: diastolic blood pressure; 10: quality of life.
Value was presented as mean (SD) where appropriate.
J Rehabil Med 51, 2019