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A. Hajjioui et al.
Table I. Sample characteristics
Characteristics Mean (SD)
n
Age, years
Sex
Male
Female
Residence
Urban
Rural
Marital status
Single
Married
Divorced
Widow/Widower
Education level
Illiterate
Primary school
High school
College/university
Occupation
Employed
Unemployed
Housewife
Student
Retired 39.96 (16.05)
%
24,078
23,197 50.9
49.1
28,554
18,721 60.4
39.6
15,467
28,200
1,011
2,432 32.8
59.9
2.1
5.2
20,337
10,095
12,085
4,453 43.2
21.5
25.8
9.5
17,918
7,217
16,550
3,473
1,878 38.1
15.3
35.2
7.4
4.0
SD: standard deviation.
of older age categories (p < 0.001), and in those living
in a rural area (p < 0.001). It also showed a negative as-
sociation between disability prevalence and education
level (p < 0.001), with the highest prevalence (16.2%)
observed in the illiterate population, and a negative
association between the prevalence of disability and
active occupation (< 0.001), within the lowest preva-
lence observed in the categories students, employed
and housewives (1.6%, 5.7% and 9.5%, respectively),
and the highest prevalence of disability rates found
in the categories unemployed and retired (17.7% and
27%, respectively). Regarding marital status, a signifi-
cant association was found between the prevalence of
disability and marital status (p < 0.001), with the lowest
prevalence rate observed within the single category
(4.5%). However, there was no significant difference
in prevalence of disability according to sex.
Table III. Prevalence of disability according to socio-demographic
variables, univariate analysis
n
Overall
Age groups
18–39 years
40–59 years
60 and above
Sex
Male
Female
Residence
Urban
Rural
Marital status
Single
Married
Divorced
Widower
Education level
Illiterate
Primary school
High school
College/university
Occupation
Employed
Unemployed
Housewife
Student
Retired
www.medicaljournals.se/jrm
9.5
737
1,577
2,171 2.9
10.2
33.2
2,256
2,229 9.4
9.6
2,593
1,892 9.1
10.1
701
2,775
121
868 4.5
9.8
12
35.7
3,288
591
457
117 16.2
5.9
3.8
2.6
1,035
1,279
1,576
57
505 5.7
17.7
9.5
1.6
27
p-value
< 0.001
0.379
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
< 0.001
As shown in Table IV and Fig. 2, the prevalence
of disability varied according to geographical region,
with the lowest prevalence (< 5%) found in the region
of Casablanca on the Atlantic coast, and the highest
prevalence (> 15%) found in Tanger-Tétouan region,
in the north-west. This geographical disparity was
statistically significant (p < 0.001)
Multivariate analysis (Table V) confirmed the sig-
nificant associations between prevalence of disability
and older age, with (OR = 11.69, 95% CI 10.30–13.28,
p < 0.001) in the population aged 60 years and
above. The married population presented a signifi-
cantly lower prevalence of disability (OR = 0.77, 95%
Table IV. Prevalence of disability according to geographical region
Table II. Prevalence of disability according to domains and degrees
of disability
Overall
Disability domains
Vision
Audition
Mobility
Memory
Communication
Personal care
Degree of disability
Mild
Moderate
Severe
Extreme
Number of disability domains
One
Two
Three or more
%
4,485 n % Region Prevalence of
disability
Population
(×1,000)* n
(%)
4,485 9.5 2,848
886
2,286
490
414
596 6
1.9
4.8
1.0
0.9
1.3 3,243
682
266
294 6.9
1.4
0.6
0.6 3,113
1,001
371 6.6
2.1
0.8 National prevalence
R1-2-3: Regions of Southern Sahara
R4: Souss-Massa-Drâa
R5: Gharb-Chrarda-Beni Hssen
R6: Chaouia-Ouardigha
R7: Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz
R8: Oriental
R9: Grand Casablanca
R10: Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaër
R11: Doukkala-Abda
R12: Tadla-Azilal
R13: Meknès-Tafilalet
R14: Fès-Boulemane
R15: Taza-Al Hoceima-Taounate
R16: Tanger-Tétouan 33,304
947
3,602
1,905
1,893
3,576
2,098
4,271
2,677
2,183
1,607
2,317
1,808
1,807
3,157
4,485
758
306
197
314
164
237
145
182
214
453
436
323
310
446
9.5
10
11
6.5
8.4
5.4
10
4.8
6.8
6.9
13.6
13.9
10.6
10.3
15.10
*Population of each administrative region of Morocco according to the national
census of 2014 (12).