Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy Volume 1, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2020 | Page 150

Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy
Table 1 . Protection of Control Centers Using Fiber Optic Communications with Stirling Engines for Backup Power
Table 2 . Protection of Substations Using Microwave Communications with Stirling Engines for Backup Power
The

Department of Homeland Security ( DHS ) indicates 68,992 electric grid substations operate in the United States ( U . S . Department of Homeland Security , 2020 ). We estimate the number of substations by telecommunications technology and carrier as shown in Table 9 below . These numbers are derived by combining data from the Federal Communication Commission ( FCC ) ( FCC Database , 2020 ), the United Technology Council ( UTC ) ( UTC , 2019 ), the Smart Utilities report from Black & Veatch ( Black & Veatch , 2020 ), and the DHS Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data ( HIFLD ) ( U . S . Department of Homeland Security , 2020 ).

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