Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy
dio frequency test facilities . This study applies these costs to two principal methods of reliable grid communications : fiber optics and microwave radio for communications .
Figure 3 . Stirling Engine Remote Power System Photo Credit : Qnergy
Figure 4 . Electric Grid Substation with Microwave Communications Dish on Tower Photo credit : Creative Commons /
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Results
The study presents these results : ( 1 ) estimated per-unit costs , including protection for fiber optic and microwave endpoints both at electricity control centers and substations ; ( 2 ) replacement of leased circuits with fiber optics ; and ( 3 ) protection of fiber optic amplification sites and microwave radio base stations . We estimate
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