J. Eur. Opt. Society-Rapid Publ. 22, 10( 2026) 103
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of fluorescence polarization principle.
Fig. 5.( a) Schematic diagram of fluorescence polarization immunoassay for determining diclofenac in wastewater.( b) Schematic diagram of homogeneous fluorescence polarization immunoassay for rapid determination of erythromycin in milk.( c) Schematic diagram of one-step FPIA detection of maduramycin and salinomycin based on bispecific monoclonal antibodies.
of erythromycin( ERY) residues in milk, as shown in Figure 5b. The method was developed by synthesizing five fluorescently labelled tracers( ERY-CMO-4 0-AMF, ERM- FITC, ERM-DTAF, ERM-SRSC, ERM-AF647) and pairing them with three monoclonal antibodies( 5B2, 6C2, and 6D9), and the optimal combination of monoclonal antibodies, 5B2 / ERM-FITC, was compared and screened. By optimizing the reaction conditions( including tracer fluorescence intensity, pH value and antibody concentration, etc.), the method can complete the detection within 5 min, significantly improving the analysis efficiency. The experimental results show that the method has high sensitivity and accuracy for the detection of ERY in milk, and its recovery and precision meet international standards, which can meet the requirements of China and the European Union for the detection of ERY residues. This study provides a fast and reliable solution for food safety monitoring.
In addition, FPIA has also made important progress in multi-residue detection. Huang et al. [ 69 ] developed a bispecific monoclonal antibody( BsMAb)-based FPIA