J. Eur. Opt. Society-Rapid Publ. 2025, 21, 6 Ó The Author( s), published by EDP Sciences, 2025 https:// doi. org / 10.1051 / jeos / 2025001 Available online at: https:// jeos. edpsciences. org
Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Research on the photoelectrical properties of TiO 2-doped V 2 O 5 / FTO nanocomposite thin films under thermal and electrical excitation
Chang Xue 1, YiLi 1, 2,*
, Haoting Zhang 1, Weiye He 1, Weiye Peng 1, Wenyan Dai 1, Zhen Yuan 1, Ke Lin 1, Wei Wang 1, Zhangqing Shi 1, and Hongwei Liu 1
1 College of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
Received 25 October 2024 / Accepted 3 January 2025
Abstract. The TiO 2-doped V 2 O 5 / FTO nanocomposite thin films were prepared on the FTO substrates by sol-gel method and post-annealing process, and the MSM structural devices based on the prepared films were fabricated by sputtering, photolithography and etching techniques. SEM, XRD, and XPS were respectively used to study the morphology, structure and composition of the film, and the electrical and optical regulations of the device were measured by using spectrophotometry and semiconductor parameter analyzer. In the temperature range of 20 – 360 ° C, the maximum modulation amplitude of the TiO 2-doped V 2 O 5 / FTO film in the 400 – 1600 nm band was 18.282 % and the modulation of the V 2 O 5 / FTO film was increased by 9.663 % after TiO 2-doping. The resistance of the FTO / V 2 O 5-TiO 2 / FTO device reduced by 3 – 4 orders of magnitude by comparing with the FTO / V 2 O 5 / FTO device. The FTO / V 2 O 5-TiO 2 / FTO device underwent semiconductor-metal state transition( SMT) around 259.91 ° C. Under the applied voltage of 0 – 5 V, the maximum transmittance variations could reach 8.821 %, 7.174 % and 11.540 % in 400 – 1600 nm band at the temperature of 20 ° C, 40 ° C and 80 ° C, respectively. The outstanding optical and electrical regulation properties and the favorable cycling stability make the nanocomposite film expected to be applied in the field of optoelectronic devices.
Keywords: V 2 O 5, Titanium dioxide, Nanocomposite film, Optoelectronic device.
1 Introduction
With the development of modern society, while the living standards improve constantly, we begin to pay attention to the rational use of the earth’ s resources and protect the earth’ s ecological environment. In recent decades, exploring new materials for energy conservation and environmental protection has been the joint goal of the researchers. As a kind of transition metal, most oxides of vanadium have the semiconductor-metal phase transition( SMT) properties [ 1, 2 ], and they can exist at 2 +, 3 +, 4 +, and5 + valence, among which V 2 O 5 has the highest oxidation valence state of 5 + [ 3 ], so it is the most stable vanadium oxide and undergoes the SMT effect at 257 ° C [ 4 ]. V 2 O 5 belongs to a natural n-type semiconductor, with an orthogonal crystal structure, a unique layered structure, a wide optical band gap( 2.2 – 2.3 eV) and high absorption coefficient besides good thermal stability [ 5 ], these characteristics above make
* Corresponding author: liyi @ usst. edu. cn
V 2 O 5 become a popular material with a huge research value. V 2 O 5 is mainly used in the production of highhardness and wear-resistant materials such as glass and ceramics, and its high energy storage performance also makes it able to be applied in the preparation of lithium vanadate batteries. Because of the unique bipolar electrochromic discoloration properties [ 6 ], its application in the field of electrochromic devices become possible. At present, V 2 O 5 has been used in energy storage [ 7 ], electrochromism [ 6 ], photoelectric detection [ 8 ], gas sensing [ 9 ], infrared detection [ 10 ] and other fields.
The fabrication of aperture nanostructures and the doping of other elements have been experimented to enhance the properties of V 2 O 5 thin films [ 11 – 14 ]. Among them, the researches about TiO 2-based doping have been widely completed in many fields such as the electrochromic devices and photocatalytic sensors. Lee et al. [ 15 ] used sol-gel method to make V 2 O 5-TiO 2 composite films and systematically examined their intercalation properties, and proved that V 2 O 5 film with TiO 2 addition might attribute to
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