J. Eur. Opt. Society-Rapid Publ. 21, 10( 2025) 99
Figure
4.( a) Peak prominence tuning and MSE drop illustration( b).
Figure 5.( a – d) Raw OCT images and( e – h) their corresponding segmentations.( a, b) and( e, f) display thick cuts, including the flap and lenticule, whereas( c, d) and( g, h) represent thin cuts.
is required to accurately adjust the width of the posterior cuts. Generally, controlled optimization algorithms such as Gradient Descent or RMSprop [ 67 ] which rely on the gradient of the objective function can be utilized. However, the performance analysis can form the scope of future work.
The optimized range for peak prominence was determined by implementing a feedback loop that monitors the R 2 score for each segmentation. Typically, the fine-tuning converges more rapidly for corneal segments compared to intrastromal cuts. An example of the prominence range setting is illustrated in Figure 4a, which is applied to the data shown in Figure 3e. Figure 4b demonstrates the MSE drop over iterations.
In Figures 5f and 5e, the segmentation of Figures 3a and 3b have been illustrated. In both cases, the intended flap, cap, and lenticule thicknesses were set to values higher than 100 lm. Manual characterization( segmentation) of thicknesses below than 100 lm can be particularly challenging. The challenges originate from the uncertainties such as the lack of corresponding points at the anterior or posterior segments.
The proposed approach can systematically, faster and reproducibly, resolve these problems as shown in Figures 5g
Figure 6. Illustrating intrastromal cuts width within thickness measurements may vary.
and 5h. The intended FTs in Figures 5f and 5h were 115 lm and 80 lm which were estimated as 120.4 lm and81.9lm. The treatment parameters in Figures 5e and 5g are( Sphere = �10D, Cylinder = �6D) and( Sphere = �2D, Cylinder = �2D) with the intended LTs of 157 lm and 54 lm. The LTs were estimated 155.6 lm and59.9lm. The lenticule, cap, and flap thicknesses were calculated as the average within a central region of 10 pixels. This