Foundation ( BHF ), 2020 ; NICE , 2018 ). In England , over 550,000 individuals have been diagnosed with HF ( BHF , 2020 ). The prevalence of HF continues to rise due to people living prolonged lives ( Inglis , Clark , Dierckx , Prieto- Merino & Cleland , 2015 ; NICE , 2018 ), as well as an increase in the number of people that are obese ( NICE , 2018 ).
Telehealth is an evolving aspect of the healthcare system that involves the use of information technology to provide healthcare services to patients remotely ( Eurlings , Boyne , de Boer & Rocca , 2019 ). Telemonitoring is a form of telehealth , chosen as the focus of this article because it is increasingly used within healthcare and in the management of HF patients ( Brahmbhatt & Cowie , 2019 ). Telemonitoring is the use of information technology by healthcare professionals to monitor and manage the condition of patients remotely ( Brahmbhatt & Cowie , 2019 ; Meystre , 2005 ). A Cochrane review by Inglis et al ( 2015 ) identified that the use of telemonitoring by HF patients reduces mortality rate and hospitalisation , and this is because it results in early recognition of deterioration in HF patients and therefore , leads to prompt intervention and treatment ( Koehler et al ., 2018 ; Maeng et al ., 2014 ). Telemonitoring enables HF patients to be better equipped to manage their health independently , resulting in a better quality of life for HF patients ( Inglis et al ., 2015 ).
This article explores the literature regarding telehealth use in HF patients . The objectives are : ( 1 ) To investigate telemonitoring use in HF patients ( 2 ) To evaluate the impact of telemonitoring on HF patients ’ knowledge of their condition and their self-care skills . A literature review strategy will be presented , including search methods , and key literature will be critically appraised to establish the latest evidence-based research regarding the use of telemonitoring in HF patients . Key themes will be identified for further exploration in this session , and these themes are HF patients using telemonitoring technology , HF patients ’ knowledge of their condition and self-care in HF patients . An app will be recommended to address some of the issues arising from the literature review .
Literature review
A systematic search strategy was employed to ensure a thorough search of the relevant literature to be reviewed based on the research question : can telemonitoring use in HF patients lead to effective self-care ? Information from grey literature , google scholar and trip database was obtained to achieve a better understanding of the research question . Clinical networking with relevant practitioners and experts in the field enhanced awareness of the project topic .
Search strategy
Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature ( CINAHL ) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online ( MEDLINE ) were the electronic databases used in searching for the articles . CINAHL and MEDLINE were used because they both contain a broad spectrum of nursing articles ( Aveyard , 2019 ). The Population Intervention Comparison Outcome ( PICO ) tool was used as a guide in the formation of the research question , and in the literature search to ensure a more focused search ( Aslam & Emmanuel , 2010 ). Methley , Campbell , Chew-Graham , McNally and Cheraghi-Sohi ( 2014 ) recommends the use of the PICO tool when undertaking a thorough and systematic search . CINAHL subheadings and MeSH ( Medical Subject Headings ) were used , and the keywords identified were inserted into the CINAHL subheadings and MeSH . The keywords used were heart failure , telehealth , telenursing , telemonitoring , telemedicine , selfcare , and self-management . At the start of the literature search , telehealth was used . However , after reading some of the articles , amendments were made due to various terminologies for telehealth . All nomenclatures for telehealth were used to reduce the risk of missing out relevant literature . Boolean operators ( AND & OR ) were successfully used to combine keywords and find the articles used .
The inclusion criteria were English Language , peer-reviewed , articles published from 2010 to 2020 and focused on patients aged 65 plus years . Inglis et al ( 2015 ) and NICE ( 2018 ) state that HF is more prevalent in older adults ;
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