Results
Narcissism
The scale used to measure Narcissism in the survey
consisted of items from Gentile et als paper on
the Narcissism Personal Inventory-13 (NPI-13)
(Gentile et al, 2013). This scale measures Narcissistic
characteristics in the participants using items such
as “I have a strong will to power”. These items were
answered by the participants through a five-point
Likert scale. Each of these item answers ranged from
“Strongly Disagree” to “Strongly Agree”.
Facebook Surveillance
The scale used to measure Facebook Surveillance
is called the Facebook Surveillance scale and was
developed by Keele University students. The items
for this scale were generated through several
groups of second year Psychology undergraduates,
each generating five items. These items were then
observed for face validity by judges, who both
provided feedback, as well as a score between one
(low relevance) to three (high relevance) for each of
the items. The groups then edited the items based on
the feedback and picked their two best items out of
the five. The two items from each group were then
collected and refined again through further ratings
by judges. The ten items that had the highest total
score in the final refinement were then used in the
Facebook Surveillance scale. This scale measures
people’s attitudes towards the use of Facebook to
see what other people have been doing without them
knowing. An example of the items generated include
“I use Facebook to find out if people have been telling
me the truth”. The participants answered these items
using a five-point Likert scale which ranged from
“Disagree Strongly” to “Agree Strongly”.
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The participants were told at the beginning of the
study that they were going to be asked questions
relating to their thoughts and attitudes, as well as
their Facebook behaviour. After the participants were
told what they were expected to do during the study,
they were asked whether they wished to take part.
Once the participants agreed to take part, they were
shown each of the three scales. The scales and items
within the scales were presented to the participants
in a randomised order. The participants were told at
the beginning of the study that they have the right
to withdraw both themselves and their data at any
time throughout the study. This right to withdraw was
further presented to the participants upon completion
of the scales. Once the participants completed
the survey and submitted their results, they were
presented with a debrief of the study.
Data Preparation
For the data to be analysed, items that were reversed
had to be reverse coded. These items include “Most
people can’t be manipulated”, “Facebook isn’t a useful
resource when trying to gather information about
others” and “Facebook isn’t a useful tool for keeping
an eye on the honesty of others”.
Once these items were reversed, a Cronbach’s Alpha
was conducted to ensure the reliability between the
items for each scale. Once the Cronbach’s Alpha
had run, if the overall Cronbach’s Alpha for the scale
was below 0.7, the item which increased the overall
Cronbach’s Alpha the most after its removal was
removed. The test was then repeated until the overall
Cronbach’s Alpha was above 0.7. This process for
each scale is shown in Table 1.