JADE Student Edition 2019 JADE JSLUG 2019 | Page 60

Article #9 Clinical Indicator of Infection, Human C-Reactive Protein (hCRP), and It’s Role in Immune System; A Structural Bioinformatics Study on Binding Interactions of hCRP Clinical Indicator of Infection, Human C-Reactive Protein (hCRP), and It’s Role in Immune System; A Structural Bioinforma- tics Study on Binding Interactions of hCRP Abstract Human C-Reactive Protein is a protein that is synthesised in the liver in response to infection and inflammation. Clinically it is used as an indicator of infection and it is thought to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. Structurally, human C-Reactive protein is made up of 5 sub-units and it is known to have binding interactions with Calcium, C-Polysaccharide, and C1q of innate immune system. Bioinformatic investigation of the protein, focused on these binding interactions through its amino acid sequences in order to gain a better structural understanding of the human C-Reactive protein and its role in the human body. The study was carried out alongside the independent undergraduate research project of Natural Sciences course which involved crystallisation of human C-Reactive protein for further crystallography studies. Author: Soner Tehelcioglu Keywords: Escape Room, Library Induc- tion, Gamification, Ga- mified Learning Keywords: Human C-Reactive Protein, CRP, CWPS, C-Polysaccharide Introduction C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an essential part of the immune system in humans as well as it is in many other species from vertebrates to invertebrates. CRP activates the complement system, which is a part of the innate immune system. After skin, which is a physical barrier, innate immune system is the second defence mechanism of vertebrates (Delves et al., 2017). It works by responding to anything that is considered alien to the body by the immune system (ibid). Therefore, by various binding interactions that was investigated in this study CRP triggers a cascade of events that activates the complement system via the classical pathway. In the classical pathway, normally a molecule called C1q binds to antigen-antibody complex and the cascade of events leads to complement activation (Golub, 1987). However, when CRP is involved, CRP binds to c-polysaccharide (CWPS) that is found on the cell wall of bacteria. CRP-CWPS complex then proceeds to bind to C1q, activating the same cascade of events of classical pathway, activating the complement system (Agrawal et 60