JADE Student Edition 2019 JADE JSLUG 2019 | Page 15

Gathering literature Search According to Smith and Noble (2015), a literature review gathers studies and research with significant findings that are useful in informing clinical practice in healthcare settings as well as improving patient care. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2015) who govern nurses’ practice, published a document called The Code to advise and guide nurses on various aspects of their role. This emphasises that only current information and research should be implemented into practice as nurses rely on literature to deliver efficient care as well as helping them make decisions that they are accountable for based on evidence. Therefore to ensure literature is high quality and accurate, Mhaskar, Emmanuel, Mishra, Patel, Naik and Kumar (2009) state critical appraisal is essential to ensure a robust process has been carried out. To gather research and studies, a variety of databases were used to explore the topic of stoma care including EBSCO, Medline, NICE, Psycinfo, Cochrane Library, ASSIA and British Nursing Index. One search found 203 articles specifically focusing on stoma management, patients’ mental wellbeing and the adjustment or adaptation process. A second search was then conducted to explore the role of the nurse in caring for patients with a stoma where 636 results were produced. To refine these results, an inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. When exploring the variety of available research, many different forms were apparent including qualitative, quantitative and cohort studies. Albers (2017) explains that qualitative research is able to identify the reasons behind ideas whereas Watkins (2012) states quantitative research uses numerical patterns to gather findings. Lastly, Song and Chung (2010) cohort studies explore participant’s experiences. PICO To refine and focus the hypothesised question for the literature review, the PICO (population, intervention, control and outcomes) framework was useful (Aslam & Emmanuel, 2010). The population first of all, are participants who have undergone bowel surgery resulting in a colostomy or ileostomy. The next stage of intervention would be introducing an educational learning package into clinical practice to encourage more education for nurses around pre and post- operative stoma care. Finally, the outcome would be that care would be expected to improve which would decrease patients’ risk of developing anxiety and depression following ostomy formation. Inclusion criteria The purpose of an inclusion criteria, according to Gill, Roberts, Wang and Heneghan (2014) is to reduce a large amount of search results. Firstly, only English language was selected because during the translation process, Van Nes, Abma, Jonsson and Deeg (2010) state research findings can often become misinterpreted. Additionally, a variety of studies from the past ten years were selected because this provided both older and current perspectives of the nurses’ role in stoma management. Exclusion criteria Once the inclusion criteria had been applied to the search results, the remaining titles and abstracts were analysed for suitability. Some irrelevant literature such as incorrect topic, duplicates or inaccessible articles were not considered due to constraints on time as well as limited financial resources. Critical appraisal tool According to Meyer (2017), a critical appraisal tool helps to assess the value of an article or study. Although Katrak, Bialocerkowski, Massy-Westropp, Kumar and Grimmer (2004) found many of these tools are not method specific therefore using the same tool for qualitative, quantitative and cohort studies, The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP. 2018) is not only easy to use and cost effective Article #2 15