JADE Anatomical Sciences in Medical Education and Research (Special Edition) | Page 103

Limitations
References
offering ways to help them improve .
These results highlight the importance of helping all students develop their self-assessment abilities , but most especially low-performing students , who have previously been shown to make overly optimistic judgements about their own level of performance ( Ehrlinger et al , 2008 ).
It is presumed that medical graduates will have acquired self-assessment skills before graduation . It is therefore incumbent upon us as educators to assist in this process of self-improvement . This will require role modelling , so that students can appreciate the importance of practicing selfassessment skills , as well as offering multiple opportunities for them to identify their strengths and weaknesses in a safe , non-threatening environment . A tall order indeed .

Limitations

This study was limited to anatomy self-assessment in the setting of a mock written test under examination conditions at only one point in time . It is not possible to determine whether this lack of insight also extends to practical anatomy “ spotter ” examinations . Moreover , since the sample size for some of the sub-groups was very small , the between-group differences are not likely to be relevant . We have no way of determining the extent to which students responded honestly to the tasks .
In conclusion , the results of this study highlight the need for targeted self-assessment skills training in medical school and beyond .

References

Alicke , M . D . ( 1985 ). Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 49 ( 6 ), pp . 1621 – 1630 . doi : 10.1037 / 0022-3514.49.6.1621 .
Blanch-Hartigan , D ., 2011 . Medical students ’ self-assessment of performance : results from three meta-analyses . Patient education and counseling , 84 ( 1 ), pp . 3-9 .
Burson , K . A ., Larrick , R . P . and Klayman , J . ( 2006 ). Skilled or unskilled , but still unaware of it : How perceptions of difficulty drive miscalibration in relative comparisons . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90 ( 1 ), pp . 60 – 77 . doi : 10.1037 / 0022-3514.90.1.60 .
Carter , T . J . and Dunning , D . ( 2008 ). Faulty Self-Assessment : Why Evaluating One ’ s Own Competence Is an Intrinsically Difficult Task . Social and Personality Psychology Compass , 2 ( 1 ), pp . 346 – 360 . doi : 10.1111 / j . 1751-9004.2007.00031 . x .
Davis , D . A ., Mazmanian , P . E ., Fordis , M ., Van Harrison , R ., Thorpe , K . E . and Perrier , L . ( 2006 ). Accuracy of Physician Self-assessment Compared With Observed Measures of Competence . JAMA , [ online ] 296 ( 9 ), p . 1094 . doi : 10.1001 / jama . 296.9.1094 .
Ehrlinger , J ., Johnson , K ., Banner , M ., Dunning , D . and Kruger , J . ( 2008 ). Why the unskilled are unaware : Further explorations of ( absent ) selfinsight among the incompetent . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 105 ( 1 ), pp . 98 – 121 . doi : 10.1016 / j . obhdp . 2007.05.002 .
Frischenschlager , O ., Haidinger , G . and Mitterauer , L ., 2005 . Factors associated with academic success at Vienna Medical School : prospective survey . Croatian medical journal , 46 ( 1 ).
Haist , S . A ., Witzke , D . B ., Quinlivan , S ., Murphy- Spencer , A . and Wilson , J . F . ( 2003 ). Advances in Health Sciences Education , 8 ( 3 ), pp . 189 – 199 . doi : 10.1023 / a : 1026072102739 .
Hansford , B . C . and Hattie , J . A . ( 1982 ). The Relationship Between Self and Achievement / Performance Measures . Review of Educational Research , 52 ( 1 ), pp . 123 – 142 . doi : 10.3102 / 00346543052001123 .
Haq , I ., Higham , J ., Morris , R . and Dacre , J . ( 2005 ). Effect of ethnicity and gender on performance in undergraduate medical examinations . Medical Education , 39 ( 11 ), pp . 1126 – 1128 . doi : 10.1111 / j . 1365-2929.2005.02319 . x .
‌Kruger , J . and Dunning , D . ( 1999 ). Unskilled and unaware of it : How difficulties in recognizing one ’ s own incompetence lead to inflated selfassessments . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 77 ( 6 ), pp . 1121 – 1134 . doi : 10.1037 / 0022-3514.77.6.1121 .
Krueger , J . and Mueller , R . A . ( 2002 ). Unskilled , unaware , or both ? The better-than-average heuristic