IXL Social Enterprise Case Studies Water March 2011 | Page 11

Getting Safe Water and Sanitation to the Bottom of the Pyramid through Bold and Game-Changing Innovations

Endnotes
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2006, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis” (PDF file,
p. 2), downloaded from HDR website, http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, accessed February 14, 2011.
2
The base or bottom of the [economic] pyramid (BOP) represents the approximately 4 billion-plus of the world’s poor whose per capita income is below
USD1,500/year.
Source: Jamie Anderson and Niels Billou, “Serving the World’s Poor: Innovation at the Base of the Economic Pyramid” (PDF, p. 3), downloaded from
Jamie Anderson website, http://www.jamieandersononline.com/uploads/Serving_the_World_s_Poor.pdf, accessed February 17, 2011.
3
Water.org, “Water Facts,” Water.org website, http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/facts.html, accessed January 6, 2011.
4
Water.org, 2009 Annual Report (Kansas City: Water.org, 2010), back cover.
5
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2006, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis” (PDF file, p.
2), downloaded from HDR website, http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, accessed February 14, 2011.
6
“Water Facts,” Water.org website, http://water.org/learn-about-the-water-crisis/facts.html, accessed January 6, 2011 and Interview with Water.org staff,
January 11, 2011.
7
United Nations, “The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010” (PDF file, p. 58), downloaded from the UN website for the MDG Indicators, http://
mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Resources/Static/Products/Progress2010/MDG_Report_2010_En.pdf, accessed February 17, 2011 and United Nations Development
Programme, Human Development Report 2006, “Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis” (PDF file, p. 8), downloaded from HDR
website, http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR06-complete.pdf, accessed February 14, 2011.
8
While the case study specifically focuses on urban/peri-urban people as the target customer, it is important to note that Water.org strives to address the safe
water and sanitation needs of those living in rural areas as well. Why narrow the customer focus? It appears that most new and innovative solutions would
be easier to implement in urban/peri-urban areas where the residents tend to have significantly better access to information and communication technologies
(cell phones, the Internet, etc.) and are more politically empowered to help make governments more accountable. And so, for purposes of this case study
and the Global Case Challenge competition, we are narrowing the customer target to people living in urban and peri-urban areas (and not rural communities
as well).
9
Interview with Water.org staff, January 11, 2011.
10
“Bangladesh: Water Water Everywhere, and Not a Drop to Drink,” ABC News, slideshow, http://abcnews.go.com/Health/slideshow/photos-unsafewater-claims-lives-bangladesh-12372642.html, accessed January 29, 2011 and Water.org, “Incredible India,” Water.org website, http://water.org/2009/07/
incredible-india.html, accessed January 10, 2011.
11
“In pictures: flying toilets,” BBC News, slide show, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/africa_flying_toilets/html/1.stm, accessed
February 14, 2011.
12
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division, “World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision” (PDF file, pp. 1-2,
4, 11-12), downloaded from UN website, http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/Documents/WUP2009_Highlights_Final.pdf, accessed February 14, 2011 and “The
urban millennium,” People & the Planet, July 26, 2006, http://www.peopleandplanet.net/?lid=28341§ion=40&topic=27.html, accessed February 15,
2011.
13
Interviews with Water.org staff, January 18, 2011. Based on these interviews, the focus of the case is women and girls living in urban and peri-urban
areas.
14
Water.org, “Your gift brings hope,” Water.org website, http://water.org/2010/12/your-gift-brings-hope-to-mothers-like-juhanara.html, accessed January 9,
2011; Interviews with Water.org staff, January 11, 2011; Correspondence with Water.org staff, February 15, 2011.
15
Water.org, “Water collection in Port-au-Prince,