ITEE ITEE-1 | Page 84

In general, contact-type cards that read and write data are categorized as IC cards. Typical examples include cash cards and credit cards from financial institutions. They are widely used in “financial information systems.” IC chip Credit card A “credit card” is a card issued on the basis of an agreement between a consumer and a credit card company. The con sumer can buy products or receive services by using the card within the limitations of its terms (such as expiration date and credit limit). Payment of charges incurred by using the card is deferred, and the user pays after receiving a bill from the credit card company. Reference Contact type Reference RFID Abbreviation for “Radio Frequency Identification.” Business strategy “Contact type” is a method for reading/ writing data to or from an IC card by inserting the card into a device. Chapter 2 (3)RFID “RFID” is the use of tiny “wireless chips” for identifying and managing people and things. Wireless chips are easily attached to people or materials because they can be incorporated into items such as self-adhesive labels, envelopes, key holders, or wristbands. Furthermore, an important feature is that they can simultaneously identify multiple people or materials. Therefore, wireless chips are used in a variety of situations such as management of comings and goings of people using wireless chips in key holders, or “traceability systems” that manage distribution histories for vegetables or meat using wireless chips in the form of self-adhesive labels. A wireless chips may also be called an “IC tag” or “wireless IC.” The communication range between a wireless chip and a reader is from several centimeters to approximately two meters, and an antenna provides power to the wireless chip. Also, building an antenna into an IC card makes wireless reading and writing possible. Therefore, contactless IC cards are categorized as technology based on RFID. Typical examples are electronic money, tickets for public transportation, driver’s licenses, and citizen identification cards. Reference Reference Wireless chip A “wireless chip” is an IC chip with an antenna that can read/write data wirelessly. Reference Contactless type “Contactless type” is a method for reading/writing data wirelessly using radio wave communication. Reference IC tag Traceability system A “traceability system” is a system for ensuring food safety, which clarifies production and distribution processes by tracing them back from the point of consumption to the point of production. 78