ITEE ITEE-1 | Page 202

Fragmented state When fragmented, the number of seek operations increases and access speed decreases. Optimized state When optimized, the number of seek operations decreases and access speed increases. ③ ② Optimization (Defragmentation) ① ③ ② ④ ④ ① ⑤ ⑤ Formula for calculating storage capacity Example If a floppy disk with the following specifications is formatted, how many MB is the storage capacity? No. of tracks per surface No. of sectors per track Sector length (bytes) Storage surface Computer system Storage capacity per sector × No. of sectors per track × No. of tracks per surface × No. of storage surfaces Chapter 8 ●Calculating the capacity of magnetic disks The following formula can be used to calculate the storage capacity of a magnetic disk, and the number of sectors needed to record data. : 80 : 18 : 512 : Both sides 512 bytes × 18 sectors / per track × 80 tracks / per surface × 2 surfaces = 1,474,560 bytes ≒ 1.4MB Therefore, the storage capacity is 1.4MB. Formula for calculating number of sectors needed to store data Data length ÷ Storage capacity per sector ··· Round to nearest integer Example For a floppy disk that has 512 bytes per sector, how many total sectors are needed to store 500 bytes, 1,400 bytes, and 1,600 bytes of data? 500 bytes ÷ 512 bytes = 0.976 ···· (rounded to nearest integer) = 1 sector 1,400 bytes ÷ 512 bytes = 2.734 ···· (rounded to nearest integer) = 3 sectors 1,600 bytes ÷ 512 bytes = 3.125 ···· (rounded to nearest whole integer) = 4 sectors 1 sector + 3 sectors + 4 sectors = 8 sectors Therefore, 8 sectors are needed. 196