8-1
Computer component
8-1-1 Processor
Reference
CPU
Abbreviation for “Central Processing
Unit.”
The “processor” or “CPU (Central Processing Unit),” is a critical device that can be considered the brains and nucleus of a computer.
A computer is comprised of devices that perform various functions centering on the CPU. When using a computer, it is important to understand the
basic components of a computer and how they work.
1
Computer configuration
A computer is configured from devices that possess the five functions of
“input”, “output”, “control”, “operation”, and “storage.” The roles
performed by the five major types of devices are summarized below.
Device
Task
Control device
Interprets programs and sends instructions to other devices.
Operation device
Performs calculations according to the instructions within programs. Combined with the control device, it is referred to as the
CPU.
Storage device
Stores programs and data. Divided into “main memory” and
“auxiliary storage devices.”
Input device
Inputs data to the main memory.
Output device
Outputs data from the main memory (display, print, etc.).
The flow of data and control between the respective devices is shown below.
Reference
Control device
Flow of control
A “peripheral device” is a device other
than the CPU and main memory.
Flow of data
CPU
Peripheral device
Operation device
Input device
Main
memory
Auxiliary storage devices
187
Output device
Peripheral devices