7-2-3 Programming and
programming languages
A “program” is a collection of text that commands a computer to perform
algorithms. Collectively, the rules and syntax used to describe a program
are known as a “programming language.”
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Types of programming languages
Different kinds of programming languages are employed depending on the
objective, as well as the computer’s format and usage. The act of writing
algorithms while utilizing a programming language is known as “programming.”
The typical programming languages used are summarized below.
Low-level language
“Low-level language” is a name used
for programming languages written in a
format that is easy for computers to interpret.
Low-level languages
Reference
Reference
Type
Characteristics
Machine
language
Language written using a binary command code that can be
understood by a CPU.
Machine languages differ for each type of CPU.
Assembly
Language
Language consisting of symbols representing the command
sections of a machine language, which makes it easier for humans to read.
C
Language originally created in order to develop UNIX. It is now
used by a wide range of fields through operating systems, application software, and other programs and interfaces.
An updated version that supports object orientation has been
developed as “C++ (C-plus-plus).”
Java
Language which supports object orientation and is widely used
by the Internet and distributed system environments. Programs
created with Java operate via a runtime environment known as
a “Java Virtual Machine.” This allows programs to be executed
by different hardware or operating systems.
Java is subdivided as follows.
• Java applications
Programs created via Java that operate independently of
browsers.
• Java applets
Programs created via Java that operate in conjunction with
browsers.
• Java servlets
Programs developed via Java that execute on the server side
according to browser requirements.
High-level language
“High-level language” is a name used
for programming languages written in a
format that resembles human language
and diminishes user awareness of hardware devices.
Reference
Object orientation
High-level languages
Refer to “Chapter 4-2-1 Software development processes and methods.”
Technical specifications of Java are as follows.
• JavaBeans
Technical specifications used when creating component programs (Beans) with Java. These programs can be reused
and combined to develop new programs.
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COBOL
Language primarily suited for the development of programs related to administrative processes.
FORTRAN
Language primarily suited for the development of programs related to science and technology.
BASIC
Language frequently used by novices due to its comparatively
easy-to-understand utilization of symbols. A widely used updated version known as “Visual Basic” supports the development of application software that can be run on Windows.