Ispectrum Magazine Ispectrum Magazine #05 | Page 19

that the only effect of lack of sleep was tiredness. His group showed that sleep restriction in healthy young men led to signs of insulin resistance which can lead to type 2 diabetes. The mechanism behind these effects seems to involve two important hormones that regulate hunger (ghrelin) and satiety (leptin). The group who slept fewer hours had an increase in the levels of ghrelin and a decrease in the levels of leptin increasing their appetite1. Indeed, many studies have found that people who sleep poorly are more susceptible to develop obesity and more risk of developtype 2 diabetes. ing diabetes. One study showed that people who slept for 5 Is sleep duration more hours each night had important than sleep an increase of 3.6% quality? Sleep qualin body mass index. ity is just as important Interestingly, the group as sleep duration. The that slept fewer hours same effect of reduced had a preference for insulin sensitivity was fatty substances and found in people who carbohydrates and con- slept 7 to 8 hours but sumed more calories were prevented from through foods of this entering deep sleep. type. Reducing sleep- This effect could be ing time has a power- explained by the fact ful effect on cells in our that the onset of slowbody. wave sleep coincides For instance a study with hormonal changes by Tasali, Brady and in our body. van Cauter demonstrated that four nights of just 4.5 hours of sleep reduced t h e reducing sleeping time insulin has a powerful effect sension cells in our body tivity of fat cells2. It means that these people have 18