tors [ 8 ], which are responsive to anxiety and stress . Neural transmission also is affected by microwaves , since it has been shown that cholinergic activity decreases in rats exposed to microwaves , and all the three opioid receptor subtypes are involved in the phenomenon [ 9 ]. These results , extrapolated to man , could account for the headaches and other diseases found to be associated with the use of cell phones .
50-60 Hz EMFs have several biological effects . Among them one finds the capability to affect intracellular Calcium transport and induce Calcium oscillations in cultured cells [ 10 ]. It can thus be expected that these EMFs interfere with Calciuminduced differentiation of keratinocytes and also that , by modulating Calcium activity , they might provoke cellular necrosis and the consequent inflammation .
For the immediate relevance to human well being , it appears that the EMF above share as a common feature , the capability to trigger the release of histamine , and thus to provoke itch , redness , pain , papulae and pustules . There are reports , which suggest that EMF might affect the mental well being by interfering with the proper functioning of neural physiology and thus provoke headaches , migraines , anxiety and stress .
Human skin is a very complex organ and a same cause , such as the exposure to EMF , might have in different individuals , consequences of different extent . The clinical observations could in some instances be elusive and the clinical relevance of phenomena resulting upon exposure to EMF might be difficult to assess . It is therefore necessary to identify a parameter of the skin , which could be used as endpoint when exposing humans to electromagnetic fields .
This chapter describes a methodology to acquire information on the electric properties of the surface of the skin by analyzing the
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tors [ 8 ], which are responsive to anxiety and stress . Neural transmission also is affected by microwaves , since it has been shown that cholinergic activity decreases in rats exposed to microwaves , and all the three opioid receptor subtypes are involved in the phenomenon [ 9 ]. These results , extrapolated to man , could account for the headaches and other diseases found to be associated with the use of cell phones .
50-60 Hz EMFs have several biological effects . Among them one finds the capability to affect intracellular Calcium transport and induce Calcium oscillations in cultured cells [ 10 ]. It can thus be expected that these EMFs interfere with Calciuminduced differentiation of keratinocytes and also that , by modulating Calcium activity , they might provoke cellular necrosis and the consequent inflammation .
For the immediate relevance to human well being , it appears that the EMF above share as a common feature , the capability to trigger the release of histamine , and thus to provoke itch , redness , pain , papulae and pustules . There are reports , which suggest that EMF might affect the mental well being by interfering with the proper functioning of neural physiology and thus provoke headaches , migraines , anxiety and stress .
Human skin is a very complex organ and a same cause , such as the exposure to EMF , might have in different individuals , consequences of different extent . The clinical observations could in some instances be elusive and the clinical relevance of phenomena resulting upon exposure to EMF might be difficult to assess . It is therefore necessary to identify a parameter of the skin , which could be used as endpoint when exposing humans to electromagnetic fields .
This chapter describes a methodology to acquire information on the electric properties of the surface of the skin by analyzing the