Histology
by Dacia Adamczyk
Histology
Pigmentary disorders related to an increase in the amount of skin pigment , or melanin , in a particular area of the skin compared to surrounding areas are referred to as hyperpigmentation . Hyperpigmentation occurs when the skin produces excess melanin in response to injury or inflammation from any source .
Melanin is the substance that gives the skin , hair , and eyes their color . Melanin also provides some natural protection against the sun ’ s damaging UV rays , which is the most potent stimulus for melanin production . The process of melanin production in the skin is referred to as melanogenesis .
A 19th-century advertisement for arsenic wafers in the United States .
side effects . Recent advancements in ingredient formulation and technology have led to a wide variety of hydroquinone-free brightening options . Modern brightening products typically include wellknown ingredients that address one or two steps in the pigment formation process like Vitamin C , Kojic Acid , Niacinamide ( Vitamin B3 ), and Arbutin . With innovation as the driving force behind iS Clinical and the demand for safe , effective brightening options , the goal was to create the best brightening products available .
Hyperpigmentation is one of the most difficult skin disorders to treat since it requires affecting one of the body ’ s natural genetic processes . While melanin is necessary for protection against the elements , primarily the sun , the problem arises because the melanogenesis process does not guarantee steady production or even distribution of melanin .
There are many causes of hyperpigmentation , including genetics , hormone imbalances , inflammation or injury , certain medications , sun exposure , and more . Pigment disorders can also arise when melanocytes , the cells that create melanin , become damaged by free radical activity and begin to malfunction .
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