Illicit Flows And Trafficking Southern Europe-Maghreb
Appendix 1 : Facts and Data on Global Illicit Trade
Illegal trade , criminal entrepreneurs , and illegal transnational networks together constitute the “ dark side of globalization .” Illegal trade is defined as traffickers and “ narcos ”; these illicit powers base their power on the fortunes they have after money laundering . Through violence , intimidation , and corruption , they infiltrate the legal economy and at the same time constitute :
• a serious threat to the stability of states
• an equally serious threat to the public health of the world ’ s population
• a constant threat to the honesty of the markets .
Whether they serve organized crime or terrorism , counterfeiting , smuggling , piracy , etc ., they have a significant economic and social impact . In 2016 , various United Nations offices estimated the turnover of the various criminal sectors observed and analyzed by them :
Counterfeiting and smuggling Narcotics Illegal tobacco
±$ 460 billion / year ±$$ 320 billion / year ±$ 40 billion / year Trafficking in protected species ( animals / vegetables ) $ 8- $ 20 billion / year Illegal gold extraction / trafficking Illicit diamond mining / trafficking
±$$ 2.5 billion / year ± $ 1 billion / year
For other criminal categories , another estimate ( 2014 ) gave the following figures :
Illicit deforestation : Illegal extraction / trafficking of minerals : Fuel theft : Trafficking in small arms : Traffic in cultural goods :
$ 52- $ 157 billion / year $ 12- $ 48 billion / year $ 5- $ 12 billion / year $ 1.7- $ 3.5 billion / year $ 1.2- $ 1.6 billion / year
More broadly , the global cost of illicit trade ( economic and social ) in 2013 was estimated at $ 737- $ 898 billion ; in 2022 , this same illicit trade will generate revenues of between $ 1,540 and $ 1,870 billion .
Over the same period , the global losses in taxation were :
2013 : $ 96- $ 130 billion 2022 : $ 197- $ 230 billion
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