International Journal on Criminology
It is also a land of human trafficking , where girls from the Black Sea ( Moldavians , Georgians , Ukrainians , etc .) are “ trained in prostitution ” by their pimps , before populating the eight to nine hundred “ brothels ” on the Mediterranean coast of Spain , from La Junquera ( immediately past the French border at Algesiras , opposite Morocco ) to La Junquera ( immediately past the French border at Algesiras , opposite Morocco ).
ALWAYS MORE EAST is the troubled zone of the Black Sea , the outlet of the land route of the Sultans . Small electronics from Taiwan or Hong Kong , blue jeans from China , Afghan heroin , and smuggled “ cheap whites ” cigarettes from all along the land route pass through there . ( Maritime traffic is through Dubai .) Note the importance of two ports , also rather troubled : Poti in Georgia ( third port of the country ) and Trabzon in Turkey , major places of trafficking on the Black Sea . In 2007 , the University of Economics in Sofia , Bulgaria estimated the illicit financial flows between the Black Sea and the Adriatic — passing , precisely , through Bulgaria — to more than $ 6 billion per year . Next stop for drugs , cheap small electronics , and girls , is the Balkans , Italy , or Austria — the historical heart of the European Union
IN SOUTH-WEST AFRICA , from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel , the trans-Saharan route goes up to Morocco or Libya . This includes cocaine from Brazil , Venezuela , and Central America that moves to the coast of Ghana , Nigeria , and Benin . From Morocco , and its “ hashish route ,” cocaine goes up to Spain and Portugal ; from Libya , clandestine goods go to Southern Italy and Greece , then to the Balkans , and finally to Europe , always .
ON THE WESTERN ASIA-EASTERN AFRICA MARITIME ROAD from Pakistan , Afghan heroin reaches the ports of Somalia , Kenya , or Tanzania and arrives in Libya via Sudan .
In the Scope of Our Study
France-Spain-Maghreb : Originally , there is a centuries-old tradition of peddling between nations : this , from the cities of the south of France ( Marseille ), but also Perpignan , Barcelona-Tarragona , Valencia , Alicante , and the troubled Andalusian zone , with Almeria , Granada , Malaga , Seville , and Algeciras in the background . In this troubled zone illicit exchanges and barter ( used for money laundering ) with the Maghreb take place : cigarettes , shoes and sports clothing , and small low-end electronics against cannabis or heroin .
Cocaine is of course exported to Northern Europe , where it is sold at a much higher price ( up to $ 50,000 per kilo , roughly , in Stockholm , against e . g ., $ 12,000 in Miami , Florida ), but is also distributed by the brothels on the Spanish
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