International Journal on Criminology
欧洲情势总结 , 尤其是法国 , 在第二部分考量了不同场景下 该前所未有的危机对控制毒品市场的犯罪环境所产生的影 响 。
关键词 : 毒品市场 , 新型冠状病毒病 , 法国 , 欧洲 , 犯罪
There is what we know , and what we can assume . — Jean Dhondt
The measures adopted by states around the world to contain the spread of
the COVID-19 epidemic will have a major impact on the drug market . The situation is indeed exceptional because , contrary to what has been the case in traditional economic crises , both supply and demand are artificially limited by containment measures and more or less partial border closures . This note proposes to draw up , in the first part , an inventory of the situation in Europe and more particularly in France and , in the second part , to consider different scenarios on the repercussions of this unprecedented crisis on the criminal milieu that controls this market .
A Globalized and Interconnected Market
The illicit drug market is today largely globalized and closely dependent on the vagaries of world trade . This is usually its strength , but in times of brutal crisis , it is also its weakness , as it is dependent on an international division of labor and relatively complex logistics chains , which can , as is the case today , become stretched or even broken . Thus , the first criminal organizations to bear the brunt of the early stages of the epidemic in China were the Mexican cartels , notably those of Sinaloa and Jalisco , producers of heroin , methamphetamine — a very powerful synthetic stimulant — and fentanyl , an opioid . 1
The sudden collapse , by more than 17 percent , of Chinese exports during the months of January and February 2020 2 has indeed affected Mexico ’ s supply of precursor chemicals needed to produce these three substances 3 and greatly reduced drug exports to North America , well before Donald Trump ’ s decision to
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