International Journal on Criminology Volume 7, Number 2, Spring 2020 | Page 89

International Journal on Criminology
许多其他国家一样 , 只有让政府所有部门与公民社会进行参与的全面解决方案才能显著减少巴西现有的极高犯罪率。
关键词 : 军队 , 巴西 , 犯罪 , 里约热内卢
Introduction
The Brazilian Armed Forces are a set of national, permanent, and regular institutions,
organized according to a strict hierarchical structure and equally
strict discipline, and placed under the supreme authority of the President
of the Republic. Their duties are defined by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and
can be summarized by the following principles: defense of the nation, which is
the traditional mission of all armed forces around the world; guarantee of law and
order (GLO) in the case of a serious compromise to public order; and guarantee
of constitutional powers. The Complementary Law to the Federal Constitution
n° 136 of August 25, 2010, adds an additional power regarding cross-border and
environmental crimes to this set of fundamental tasks and missions.
• Before studying the contributions of the Brazilian Army to the fight against
crime, it is essential to understand the general principles of the organization
of the Brazilian state, where the three powers (executive, legislative,
and judicial) coexist at the federal level, the state level, and in certain cases
the municipality level. As far as public security is concerned, the country is
organized according to article 144 of the Federal Constitution:
• The Federal Police, the Federal Highway Police, and the Federal Railway
Police are all placed directly under the authority of the federal executive
power. These police forces are responsible for crimes and offences that go
beyond state limits or that are cross-border in nature.
• The Civil Police, which executes judicial police missions, and the Military
Police, which undertakes ostensive policing, are under the direct control of
the states’ executive powers.
• Finally, there is a National Public Security Force, which is made up of elements
of all the Military Police forces of the twenty-six states, and which
can constitute a reserve in the case of serious events.
When seeking to understand the approach of the army in its fight against
crime, one should remember its institutional vision. This is outlined in its mili-
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