International Journal on Criminology Volume 7, Number 2, Spring 2020 | Page 12

2019: Homicide Big Comeback in France 行为 ), 成为自 1972 年以来总数量最多的坏结果 , 并且与总人口相比他杀率排第三 ( 每 100,000 人中有 5.32 人遭遇他杀 ) , 这一数字在 1983 年和 1986 年分别为 5.68 和 5.42 。 无论如何 , 身体暴力的重大回归似乎正在发生 , 尤其在西方。这种暴力正在被忽视 , 不论是自愿还是非自愿 , 或者被低估。暴力根源毫无疑问是多重的 , 但受害者数量的增加不能再被低估。 关键词 : 法国 , 他杀 , 暴力 , 统计学 The annual number of homicides is one of the main statistics for criminologically characterizing a territory, be it a city, a region or a country. It can be used to conduct situational analyses of the recent past or, if looking at a longer time period, or comparing jurisdictions, it can be compared to the number of people living in a jurisdiction. This gives the reference indicator for the level of violence, the homicide rate. It is generally expressed per 100,000 inhabitants. The annual number of homicides is usually part of the statistics available promptly after the end of each year. Indeed, checks carried out in the course of the year make it possible to have almost exhaustive information on the victims of homicides from the previous year at the beginning of January. In some territories, the annual homicide toll is thus commented on very early on. This is the case, for example, in the major cities of the United States, where the 2019 homicide figures were the subject of press articles, sometimes as early as December 31st. We were thus able to find out about the trends observed, whether there were declines in cities such as Chicago, New York (except for homicides), or Los Angeles, or peaks in other cities such as Baltimore and Philadelphia. But, while we are rightly moved by the increase of mass murders and the homicide rate in the United States (about 5 per 100,000), and even more so in countries such as Mexico (about 20 per 100,000), or Brazil (about 30 per 100,000), an inconspicuous but increasingly accentuated trend is affecting France and is raising its rate from the low point reached in 2014 (close to 1 per 100,000). The most shocking part of this trend, the "feminicides" (formerly uxoricides), is rightly shocking. But this situation seems to hide an even more disturbing one: that the overall numbers of homicides and attempts (failed homicides) has increased. A detailed analysis of the police homicide count tool (Etat 4001) since 1972 shows identified cycles and a clear deterioration in an accelerating phase. 3