International Journal on Criminology Volume 7, Number 1, Winter 2019/2020 | Page 29

International Journal on Criminology
对皮埃尔 · 让内进行回顾的犯罪学
摘要
回顾心理学家皮埃尔 · 让内 ( 与亨利 · 柏格森同时代的人物 , 同时也是柏格森的朋友 ) 的研究成果 , 并不是因为思念之情 : 围绕创伤与解离概念 ( 此概念主张 , 意识的分离能导致性格产生不受控制的分离 ) 的新的心理治疗实践越来越明显地参考让内的研究。隶属于国际创伤与解离研究学会
(ISSTD) 的欧洲创伤与解离学会 (ESTD) 就是一个例子。关键词 : 让内 , 犯罪学 , 解离 , 心理
Countries such as Japan, Germany, Canada, the Netherlands, Russia, and the
United States are demonstrating a clear interest in returning to the work
of Pierre Janet. But, it could be said that this is happening more quickly in
France, where his work seems well suited to answer the shortcomings of diagnoses
in a number of recidivist murders that have recently made headlines—particularly
cases of sexual assaults on female joggers and pre-adolescents (such as the case
of Angélique in France). 5 For instance, one attacker remarked that he was unable
to control himself when his “urge” took hold. 6 Something similar was true of Angélique’s
murderer.
A “Janetian” diagnosis would perhaps be something like the following: this
individual, when affected by his urges, is signifying that he has become dissociative
to the final degree and, because of the rapes he has previously committed, proves
to be dangerous, both to himself and others. This implies that it is not possible to
leave him free, at least until he has been given long-term treatment. It is therefore
not possible simply to order him to seek care, even as part of his sentence.
5 See http://www.lepost.fr/article/2010/09/08/2212145_recidiviste-il-tue-une-joggeuse-dans-lenord-le-meurtre-pouvait-il-etre-empeche.html.
According to Yves Thoret (associate professor, Research
Unit for the Psychopathology of Identity, Thought, and Health Processes [Laboratoire de
psychopathologie de l’identité, de la pensée et des processus de santé], Paris X University), we can
distinguish in Janet’s work “four functions of the dissociation mechanism: disaggregation, which
separates phenomena that elude consciousness from the psyche; reversible recomposition, by which
the dissociated representations are grouped together once more and can form a new personality;
the burying of the pathogenic, traumatic memory; and the beneficial effect of a clinical action that
aims to actively modify the memory of the traumatic scene by directly modifying its content .... The
dissociation mechanism should be distinguished from that of repression, and should be studied
independently in different pathological formations, with hysteria as its foundation.” Yves Thoret,
Anne-Claire Giraud, and Benjamine Ducerf, “La dissociation hystérique dans les textes de Janet et
Freud avant 1911,” L’Évolution Psychiatrique 64 (October–December 1999): 749–64.
6 “The man gave no precise explanation for his actions: ‘Even he doesn’t know what drove him
to do it’” (http://www.au-troisieme-oeil.com/index.php?page=actu&type=skr&news=31171). See
also http://www.clicanoo.re/11-actualites/16-faits-divers/262798-huit-ans-d-emprisonnementpour-le.html.
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