International Journal on Criminology Volume 6, Number 2, Winter 2018/Spring 2019 | Page 49

International Journal on Criminology
打击西非洗钱行为和恐怖主义融资
摘要
西非为金融犯罪分子和恐怖主义集团提供了诸多机遇。这解释了该区域洗钱行为和恐怖主义融资的问题程度。然而 , 该地区几乎没有法律将这两类犯罪行为进行定罪。之前集中在马里和尼日利亚的恐怖主义活动正向邻国扩散。
关键词 : 洗钱 , 恐怖主义融资 , 西非
Background
1. Recent decades have seen the increasing internationalization of the fight against
criminal financing, particularly anti-money laundering and counter financing of
terrorism (AML/CFT) initiatives. Around the world, processes and procedures for
tackling these crimes have been aligned based on the international standards set
by the recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF).
• Legislatively, states have been required to adopt laws that criminalize money
laundering and terrorist financing.
• Institutionally, states have been required to create financial intelligence units
(FIUs). Measures now supported include a national assessment of money laundering
and terrorist financing (ML/TF) risks, the development of a national
AML/CFT strategy, peer assessment of countries, capacity building among
AML/CFT actors, national coordination, and international cooperation.
These requirements necessitate effective tracking of countries' efforts to
implement standards. This has led to the creation of FATF-like regional bodies
worldwide.
2. The Inter-Governmental Action Group against Money Laundering in West Africa
(Groupe Intergouvernemental d'Action contre le Blanchiment d'Argent, GIA-
BA) was set up by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
on December 10, 2000. Its specific mandate was to protect West African economies
against the harmful effects of money laundering and terrorist financing. In June
2006, this specialized branch of ECOWAS became a FATF-Style Regional Body
(FSRB), and in June 2010 became an associate member of the FATF. Thanks to
its work, the fifteen member countries of ECOWAS have established laws against
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