International Journal on Criminology Volume 5, Number 2, Winter 2017/2018 | Page 15

International Journal on Criminology
represented by the Director General of Labor, the Minister for the Budget, represented
by the National Delegate for Combating Fraud, the President of the
CNAPS, the National Union of Security Enterprises, the Union of Private Security
Enterprises, and the National Association of the Security Professions. Although
there are no associations of buyers among the signatories, there is no question that
they are affected by the convention which, in regard to safety, training, and awareness
measures, involves “informing public or private customers of the resources
available to service providers and the liability that they may face, jointly with employers,
where regulations are breached (particularly in cases of subcontracting).” 20
The convention notes that “several laws have increased the criminal, civil and administrative
penalties faced by project managers and customers, both public and
private, and have reinforced their oversight obligations.” 21 But this convention has
had little effect beyond the meeting of the steering committee more than a year after
it was agreed, and the signing of two region-specific versions, in Midi-Pyrénées
on September 12, 2014 and in Ile-de-France on September 21, 2015.
5. CONTRACTUAL ISSUES OR ECONOMIC ISSUES?
We should now describe, in broad terms, the contractualization of private
security. On the one hand, there has been an upward trend in
public procurement, which in 2015 made up a quarter of the market,
compared to a fifth of the market 10 years ago. The trend is slow, and it is difficult
to describe the reasons for it: “Security was reinforced in both public and private
sectors following the attacks. Indeed, the distribution of revenues between different
sectors has not changed between 2014 and 2015: private procurement still
accounts for three quarters of the total amount.” 22 At the European level, public
procurement appears to have represented 20% of demand in 2013, significantly
less than in France. 23
Breakdown of Private Security Revenues by Sector 24
[Percentage of Revenue]
[Private Procurement]
[Public Procurement]
20 National Partnership Convention to Combat Illegal Labor in the Private Security Sector
(December 12, 2012), 6.
21 Ibid., 3.
22 Monitoring Center for Safety and Security Professions. September 2016. “Enquête de branche
Prévention—Sécurité. Données 2015,” 13.
23 CoESS. 2014. Facts and Figures 2013, 251. We have to hedge this claim, as only about 15% of the
states approached by the CoESS gave a response.
24 Monitoring Center for Safety and Security Professions. “Enquête”, 13. The figures for 2015 on businesses
with more than 500 employees are the same as those of the previous year.
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