International Journal of Indonesian Studies Volume 1, Issue 1 | Page 2
International Journal of Indonesian Studies, Vol 1 2013
Designing and implementing a critical literacy-based approach in an
Indonesian EFL secondary school
Gin Gin Gustine
BIODATA
Gin Gin Gustine is a PhD candidate at Deakin University, Australia. Her research
interests are in critical literacy, teachers‘ professional learning and EFL secondary
school students. Her contact email is [email protected].
ABSTRACT
This paper explores the design and implementation process of a critical approach to
teaching English, one that is termed Critical Literacy, in an Indonesian secondary
school. Despite its popularity as pedagogy and a way of thinking in the West, there is a
gap in terms of the implementation of a Critical Literacy approach in South East Asian
countries, especially in Indonesia. The methodology of this study is action research
involving a teacher at one school in Bandung, West Java province and his classroom
consisting of 39 students. Data includes classroom observation, students‘ reflective
journals and interviews both with the teacher and the students, as well as reflective
dialogue between the teacher and me as the teacher-researcher. This study also
investigates the benefits as well as the challenges of this new approach that is
expected to bridge the gap between its implementation in Western countries and in
Indonesia. For teacher educators, this project provides both theoretical and practical
frameworks that are needed to prepare pre-service teachers to teach this critical
approach in English language teaching.
Keywords: Critical literacy, Action research, EFL secondary teacher
INTRODUCTION
English teaching in Indonesia has been dominated mostly by conventional grammar
teaching that emphasizes memorisation of language and linguistics rules and
conventions. Despite a number of curriculum changes in Indonesia (Depdiknas, 2006),
this approach continues to prevail in most English classrooms throughout the
archipelago. This practice of English language teaching is not without criticism. Critical
language educators in Indonesia such as Alwasilah (2001), Dardjowidjojo (2003) and
Mistar (2005) argue that the grammar-driven methodology is not sufficient to enable
students to communicate well; moreover, it does not support learners to think critically.
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