IX. 2 Rules for chess
Chess is played on a chessboard, a square board divided into 64 square boxes( eight by eight) with two alternating colors, similar to the checkers used in checkers. Regardless of the real color of the fields, the brighter ones are called " white "( or " light "), while the darker ones are called " black "( or " dark "). The names of the players and his gaming are also contractual: lighter pieces are called " white ", darker chessmen in turn are called " blacks "; for this reason, the player using white pieces is called " white ", and the player using black coins- " black ". The checkerboard is set so that in the lower left corner of the board there is a black box( hence the white bottom must be white). Each player has sixteen pieces:
KING HETMAN MESENGER TOWER JUMPER DIVISON
NUMBERS |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
8 |
SYMBOLS |
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IX. 3 Famous chess players
Wilhelm Steinitz
The first official world chess champion. He contributed greatly to the development of chess theory, especially in the field of positional games. His ideas were well received by other eminent chess players, such as Aron Nimzowitsch, Siegbert Tarrasch and Emanuel Lasker. Steinitz was the world champion from 1886 to 1894. During this time, he defended the title in four official matches against Zukertort, Czigorin( twice) and Gunsberg. He lost two matches with his successor Lasker. In 1883, Steinitz settled in New York, in 1888 he was granted American citizenship, previously representing Austria.
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