26 . Forensics DNA testing looks at 20 specific segments of DNA . The first person to be convicted using DNA profiling was Colin Pitchfork . In 1987 , DNA evidence not only identified Pitchfork as the culprit in two murders but also exonerated another man who had been wrongly convicted .
27 . ‘ Elementen ’ and ‘ Gemmules ’ were some of the earlier names suggested by 19th century scientists for ‘ genes ’.
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28 . Because they breed so quickly and only possess four chromosomes , fruit flies were the most commonly used test-specimen by geneticists in the early 20th century .
29 . Although most of the genetic information in DNA is passed on directly from parents to offspring ( vertical gene transfer ), certain bacteria can also share genetic information with their neighbors through a phenomenon called ‘ horizontal gene transfer ’. This is what allows bacteria that survive or resist antibiotics to pass along their newly-acquired resistance not only to their offspring but to other , genetically unrelated , bacteria . Horizontal gene transfer is the primary mechanism for the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria .
30 . Genome research has raised ethical concerns that such activity could not only edit out genetic imperfections but could also give parents choices
( ranging from eye and hair colour to intelligence level ) amounting to creating ‘ designer babies ’.
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