1977
1972-1973
RECOMBINANT DNA
In 1972 , biochemist Paul Berg assembled the first DNA molecules that combined genes from different organisms . This represented the crucial first steps in the subsequent development of recombinant genetic engineering .
In 1973 , Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen successfully engineered multi-drug resistant bacteria by integrating the genes of one species into another .
The combined experiments of the three scientists demonstrated the potential impact of DNA recombinant engineering on medicine , pharmacology , industry , and agriculture .
FREDERICK SANGER
By the 1970 ’ s , molecular biologists had deciphered the genetic code and could spell out the sequence of amino acids in proteins . However , the inability to easily read off the precise nucleotide sequences of DNA stalled further advances in the field .
Sanger , a molecular biologist himself , deduced that if proteins were ordered molecules , then the DNA that made them must have an order as well . He developed new techniques for rapid DNA sequencing and through this work , he became the first person to order the amino acids and obtain a protein sequence .
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