INSIGHT TOUR DE FRANCE 9
Herzberg
Frederick Herzberg (1923-) had close links with Maslow and believed in a two-factor theory of motivation. He argued that there were certain factors that a business could introduce that would directly motivate employees to work harder (Motivators).
However there were also factors that would de-motivate an employee if not present but would not in themselves actually motivate employees to work harder (Hygiene-factors)
Motivators are more concerned with the actual job itself. For instance how interesting the work is and how much opportunity it gives for extra responsibility, recognition and promotion.
Hygiene factors are factors which 'surround the job' rather than the job itself. For example a worker will only turn up to work if a business has provided a reasonable level of pay and safe working conditions but these factors will not make him work harder at his job once he is there.
Importantly Herzberg viewed pay as a
hygiene factor which is in direct contrast
to Taylor who viewed pay, and piece-rate
in particular Herzberg believed that
businesses should motivate employees
by adopting a democratic approach to management and by improving the nature and content of the actual job through certain methods.
Some of the methods managers could use to achieve this are:
Job enlargement – workers being given a greater variety of tasks to perform (not necessarily more challenging) which should make the work more interesting.
Job enrichment - involves workers being given a wider range of more complex, interesting and challenging tasks surrounding a complete unit of work. This should give a greater sense of achievement.
Empowerment means delegating more power to employees to make their own decisions over areas of their working life.