INGENIEUR
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Engineering & Law
By Pang Soo Mooi
Engineering and law are two distinct fields that require different skill sets and knowledge . However , there are often intersections between the two , particularly in areas where engineering and legal principles overlap .
This intersection ensures that engineers can navigate the legal landscape effectively , maintain ethical standards , and protect themselves and their organisations from legal liabilities .
Incorporating legal knowledge into engineering practice is essential for managing risks , ensuring compliance , and upholding ethical standards . Engineers should seek to gain a basic understanding of relevant legal principles and , when necessary , collaborate with legal professionals to navigate complex legal issues . This interdisciplinary approach enhances the overall effectiveness and integrity of engineering projects and practices .
Ancient Punishment for Engineering Failures
In ancient China and Japan , the roles and responsibilities of engineers ( often referred to as artisans , builders , or craftsmen ) were significant due to the large-scale and often monumental nature of their projects . Failure in engineering projects could lead to severe consequences , including harsh punishments . Here are some details about how accountability was enforced in these cultures :
Ancient China In ancient China , engineers and builders were often employed directly by the imperial court for large-scale projects such as the construction of palaces , canals , and the Great Wall . The Chinese emperors placed immense importance on these projects , as they were seen as symbols of their power and capability .
Failure to meet the emperor ’ s expectations could result in severe punishments . Historical records indicate that builders and engineers who failed in their duties , resulting in structural failures or construction delays , could face execution or exile .
The legal codes during various dynasties , such as the Tang and Qing Dynasties , often included specific provisions for the punishment of officials and workers responsible for construction failures . These legal frameworks ensured that there was a clear system of accountability for engineering failures .
For example , during the Tang Dynasty ( 618 – 907 AD ), the “ Tang Code ” provided detailed regulations and punishments for negligence in public works . This included fines , demotion , corporal punishment , or even execution depending on the severity of the failure and its impact on public safety and resources .
Ancient Japan In feudal Japan , particularly during the Heian ( 794 – 1185 ) and subsequent periods , the construction of castles , temples , and other significant structures was often overseen by master builders and craftsmen who were accountable to the daimyo ( feudal lords ) or the shogun .
Similar to China , failure to successfully complete a project could lead to severe consequences , including loss of status , property , or even life . The importance of honour in Japanese culture meant that failure could also lead to acts of ritual suicide ( seppuku ) to atone for perceived dishonour or failure .
During the Edo Period ( 1603 – 1868 ), the Tokugawa shogunate established strict regulations
24 VOL 98 APRIL - JUNE 2024