Figure 1 : Flow chart of batik making process
Cleaner Production Option Concretised floor to replace bare ground
Concrete tubs for soaking in sodium silicate
Waste separation bins
Proper storage area and containers for raw materials
Use of Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE ) for workers
Benefits to Batik Premise Ease of cleaning and collection of chemical spillage
Replaces plastic containers which are easily damaged leading to leaks
Facilitates recycling of reusable items
More organised , less risk of damage to raw materials
Increased health and safety standards especially in handling chemicals and the boiling process
Table 1 : Examples of CP Options and their benefits for boiling , and the chemicals used are sodium silicate , solvents and dyes .
Recommendations for Cleaner Production Options
The main concerns identified from the CP audit were the usage of raw materials and resources , discharge of untreated effluent which can amount to 5m 3 per day per premise depending on the scale of operation , potential health and safety risks from exposure to solvents and chemicals , lack of proper organisation of premise which could potentially pose a hazard to workers and residents . Cleaner production options were generated based on : 1 ) use of raw materials ; 2 ) usage of utilities ( electricity , fuel , water ); 3 ) premise environment ; and 4 ) storage of raw materials and product . Numerous CP options were generated and the effects were evaluated for savings on materials ( including those discarded in effluent ), electricity and heat , increase in productivity and reduction
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