INGENIEUR
Figure 1 : Process flow chart of Oil Palm Plantation and value chain from upstream to downstream activities . ( Source : J Occup Health 2013 ; 55 : 405-414 )
PK to produce a wide range of products including foods , pharmaceuticals , biofuel , oleochemicals , animal feed , lumber and personal care products . Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the activities .
Upstream and midstream activities have a significant impact on the environment . In plantation operations , the main environmental impact arises from activities in land establishment , planting crop management and harvesting , while in palm oil mills , environmental problems can be generated from receiving and processing FFBs to producing CPO and PK .
Oil Palm Plantation The main environmental aspect in plantation activities is land establishment for new planting or replanting oil palms . Site preparation which involves land clearance activities have a significant environmental impact caused by land degradation and soil erosion . Other than that , the removal of old oil palms creates agricultural waste that needs to be managed carefully . This activity is also an environmental risk as it leads to soil , water and air pollution if there is no proper management . However , most of Malaysia ’ s
32 VOL 87 JULY-SEPTEMBER 2021