recognising that this would substantially reduce the risks and impacts of climate change .
Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands . It is also known as the Convention on Wetlands . It is named after the city of Ramsar in Iran , where the Convention was signed in 1971 .
Every three years , representatives of the contracting parties meet at the Conference of the Contracting Parties ( COP ), the policy-making organ of the Convention which adopts decisions ( resolutions and recommendations ) to administer the work of the Convention and improve the way in which the parties are able to implement its objectives .
UN Convention to Combat Desertification
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification ( UNCCD ) is a Convention to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought in those countries experiencing serious drought and / or desertification , particularly in Africa , through national action programmes that incorporate long-term strategies supported by international co-operation and partnership arrangements . The Convention is based on the principles of participation , partnership and decentralisation — the backbone of Good Governance and Sustainable Development . It has 197 parties , making it near universal in reach .
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) is an international environmental treaty addressing climate change , negotiated and signed by 154 states at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development ( UNCED ), informally known as the Earth Summit , held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to 14 , 1992 .
The UNFCCC seeks for the stabilisation of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic human-induced interference with the earth ’ s climate system . Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change , to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner .
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution
The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution is a legally binding environmental agreement signed in 2002 by the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to reduce haze pollution in Southeast Asia . The Agreement recognises that transboundary haze pollution which result from land and / or forest fires should be mitigated through concerted national efforts and international co-operation .
International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness , Response and Co-operation
The International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness , Response and Co-operation ( OPRC ) is an international maritime convention establishing measures for dealing with marine oil pollution incidents nationally and in co-operation with other countries . As of November 2018 , there were 112 state parties to the convention . OPRC Convention was drafted within the framework of the International Maritime Organisation ( IMO ) and adopted in 1990 , entering into force in 1995 . In 2000 , a Protocol to the Convention relating to hazardous and noxious substances ( HNS ) was adopted ( the OPRC-HNS Protocol ).
In accordance with this Convention , States- Parties to the 1990 Convention undertake , individually or jointly , to take all appropriate measures to prepare for and respond to oil pollution incidents .
REFERENCE UNEP , Wikipedia
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