Figure 5: Schematic Diagram of a Rotary-Kiln Incinerator
Figure 6: Commercialised Rotary-Kiln Incinerator
streams. It consists of a primary chamber and
secondary volatile gas combustion chamber. The
former is where the waste is heated and volatilised
while the latter is where combustion of the volatile
fraction is completed. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show
the schematic diagram and commercialised
rotary-kiln incinerator system respectively.
The primary chamber consists of a slightly
inclined rotating kiln in which waste materials
migrate from the feed end to the ash discharge
end. The waste throughput rate is controlled by
adjusting the rate of kiln rotation and the angle of
inclination. Volatiles and combustion gases pass
from the primary to the secondary chamber, where
the combustion of the volatiles is completed at an
excess air level. Owing to the turbulent motion of
the waste in the primary chamber, solid burnout
rates and particulate entrainment in the flue gas
are higher for rotary-kiln incinerators than for
other incinerator designs. In Malaysia, rotary-
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